• Eurasia
    • Proto-Indo-European
      • *ḱē̆s-ró-
      • *ḱer- ‘to grow’
      • *suH- ‘pig, swine (orig. sow)’
      • *pel-ni- ‘skin, hide’
      • *h₂ulh₁-neh₂- ‘wool’
      • *ḱu(e)it-nó- ‘white’
      • *por- ‘to be with young’
      • *gʷeh₃-u- ‘cow’
      • *Huks-en-
      • *uksōn, *uksōn- ‘ox’
      • *ḱr-ént-es-
      • *néud-e-
      • *peḱ-u- ‘cattle; livestock’
      • *gʷh₃ig(w)o-
      • *yugo- ‘yoke’
      • *ueǵh-, *uoǵh-o- ‘carry, drive’
      • *steh₂-dhh₁-o-
      • *tuenk- ‘press together’
      • *(H)iunég-, *(H)iung- ‘to yoke’
      • *dheh₁-to- ‘having given birth’
      • *h₂eǵ-ro- ‘field, uncultivated field, pasture’
      • *ǵhei-m- ‘winter, snow’
      • *uét-ru-
      • *ḱem- ‘to truncate (horns)’
      • *porḱ-o-, *porḱo- ‘young pig, piglet; digger’
      • *ieh₁-ro- ‘year, summer’
      • *dhugh-néh₂-
      • *bhi-
      • *ulkʷ-o-, *ulkʷo- ‘wolf’
      • *uérǵh-e- ‘to strangle’
      • *bherH-on-
      • *bhero- ‘brown’
      • *puk-so- ‘thick-haired’
      • *puk-
      • *ḱes-on-
      • *serp-e/o- ‘to creep’
      • *urm-i-, *urmi-
      • *ḱor(h₂)-uo- ‘crow, raven’
      • *h₃ér-on-
      • *ḱr- ‘horn’
      • *ḱem-teh₂-
      • *stegh- ‘to prick, to sting’
      • *rei-, *roi- ‘variegated, speckled’
      • *h₁el-ḱo(n)-
      • *(H)uēnh₁-, *(H)unh₁- ‘desire’
      • *h₂ulh₁- ‘wool’
      • *HrouH-ó-
      • *peh₂- ‘to protect’
      • *knh₂-ḱo-
      • *séh₂-l-, *séh₂l- ‘salt’
      • *ueih₁-n-, *ueih₁-ōn, *uih₁-en-m, *uih₁-on-m ‘vine; wine’
      • *pleiH-sk-
      • *deh₃- ‘to give’
      • *h₁uébh-
      • *(h₁)uebh- ‘to weave’
      • *h₁ubh-neh₂-, *h₁u-m-bh-e-, *h₁u-n-ebh-
      • *teḱ-s- ‘to hew, to fabricate; to fashion’
      • *(s)pénh₁-ne-
      • *siHu-ie-
      • *h₂erh₃-ie-
      • *séh₁-e-
      • *bhlh₁-tó-
      • *bhleh₃- ‘blossom, flower’
      • *der-ueh₂-
      • *ǵrh₂-no- ‘that which has ripened, fruit, grain’
      • *h₁e/om-o- ‘what is (to be) taken’
      • *sek- ‘to cut’
      • *skérH-e-
      • *kséubh-e-
      • *slk-
      • *h₂erh₃-tro- ‘plough’
      • *sok-éh₂-
      • *Hodh-es-on-
      • *tetḱ-dhlo-
      • *tetḱ-
      • *bhei-
      • *uoǵh-no-
      • *uoǵh-o-
      • *ueǵh-tlo-
      • *kʷe-kʷl-
      • *h₃nobh-eh₂-
      • *h₂eḱs-i-
      • *h₂eḱs-
      • *h₂eḱs-eh₂-
      • *h₃nbhl-
      • *h₃nobh-io-
      • *h₃nobh-i-
      • *pi-n-s- ‘to grind’
      • *pélth₂-o-
      • *pŕk-
      • *spré-n-gh-e-
      • *smH- ‘warm season, summer’
      • *smH-oro-
      • *krp- ‘to pick, pluck’
      • *h₂éi-es-
      • *h₂rǵ-nt-o- ‘silver’
      • *ǵhlh₃-to-
      • *dréu-o-
      • *dem(H)-ro-
      • *dem-rom
      • *stoiH-no- ‘stone’
      • *pl-tro-
      • *(s)kolh₂/3-tro- ‘instrument for cleaving’
      • *bhéugh-e-
      • *bhld-
    • Albanian (Tosk)
      • qipër ‘copper; bronze’
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic
      • *wílʔnaʔ ‘wool’
    • Latvian
      • ràibs ‘dappled (especially of animals)’
      • naba ‘navel’
    • Lithuanian
      • tasz-ýti ‘to hew or shape with the axe’
      • pjū́klas ‘saw’
      • pielà ‘saw, file’
      • pelyti ‘to file’
      • vìlna ‘wool; thread of wool’
      • raibas, rainas ‘dappled, having brownish-yellow spots’
      • vìlnos ‘wool’
      • lūšis ‘lynx’
    • Old Prussian
      • roaban ‘striped’
      • cucan ‘brown’
    • Proto-Slavic
      • *zǫbrъ ‘wisent’
      • *ruH-ḱ-i-
      • *tesla ‘adze’
      • *sьrebro
    • Russian
      • zubr ‘wisent, (European) bison’
    • Bulgarian
      • lǎv ‘lion’
    • Croatian
      • lȁv ‘lion’
    • Serbian
      • lȁv ‘lion’
    • Slovene
      • lev ‘lion’
    • Czech
      • lev ‘lion’
    • Old Church Slavonic
      • lьvъ ‘lion’
      • rysь  ‘lynx’
      • sьrebro, sъrebro ‘silver’
      • tesla ‘adze’
      • tesati ‘to hew’
    • Polish
      • lanca ‘lance, spear’
      • lew ‘lion’
    • Proto-Celtic
      • *sukko- ‘pig’
      • *uxso-, *uxson-
      • *φlitro-
    • Breton
      • roc'h ‘rock’
      • karreg ‘rock, reef’
      • gwin ‘wine’
    • Cornish
      • karrek ‘rock’
      • brest ‘brass’
    • Middle Breton
      • roch ‘rock, cliff’
      • guin ‘wine’
    • Middle Welsh
      • bwa ‘bow’
    • Old Breton
      • carrec ‘rock, reef’
    • Old Welsh
      • huch ‘pig’
    • Welsh
      • ych ‘ox’
      • gwin ‘wine’
      • cwningen ‘rabbit’
      • bwa ‘bow’
      • pres ‘brass’
    • Irish
      • prás ‘brass; (formerly) generic bronze’
      • copar ‘copper’
      • aiseal ‘axle’
      • acastóir, acaistéar ‘axle’
      • ascaill ‘armpit’
      • láighe, láí ‘mattock, spade, loy; blade of such tools’
      • speal ‘scythe, mowing hook’
      • tornapa ‘turnip’
      • coinín ‘rabbit’
      • fíon ‘wine’
      • gearrán ‘gelding; nag, small horse’
      • puiléad ‘pullet; fledged young chicken’
      • liopard ‘leopard’
      • síota ‘cheetah’
    • Manx
      • creg, cregg ‘crag, tor, rock’
    • Middle Irish
      • prás ‘brass’
      • spel, speal ‘scythe’
      • spelaid ‘strips, peels, mows, sheds, scatters’
      • lipard ‘leopard’
      • gearrán ‘horse, nag’
    • Old Irish
      • asan ‘donkey’
      • craic, carric ‘rock’
      • fín ‘wine’
      • spel, speal ‘scythe’
      • spelaid ‘to strip, peel, mow, shed, scatter’
    • Scottish Gaelic
      • speal ‘scythe, mowing hook; sword’
      • tuirneap ‘turnip’
      • pràis ‘brass’
      • aiseal, aisil ‘axle, axle-tree; axis’
      • fìon ‘wine’
      • coinean, coineanach ‘rabbit’
      • carraig, carragh, creag ‘rock, cliff, precipice’
      • gearran ‘gelding; nag, small or inferior horse’
      • sìotà ‘cheetah’
    • Proto-Germanic
      • *luhsa- ‘lynx’
      • *luhō- ‘lynx’
      • *baira- ‘boar’
      • *warga-, *warza- ‘murderer, strangler, malefactor, outlaw’
      • *wurgjan- ‘to strangle’
      • *wergan- ‘to strangle’
      • *beran- ‘bear’
      • *uwwilōn- ‘owl’
      • *han(n)jō- ‘hen’
      • *hanan- ‘cock, rooster; singer’
      • *fugla- ‘bird’
      • *bîôn-, *biôn
      • *wulfa- ‘wolf’
      • *bini
      • *jēra- ‘year’
      • *dūkan- ‘to duck’
      • *dukkōn- ‘to duck’
      • *sū-, *suw- ‘sow’
      • *swīna- ‘pig’
      • *farha-līna-
      • *farha- ‘farrow, pig’
      • *farha-kīna-
      • *galtan- ‘(castrated) boar’
      • *gald(j)a- ‘infertile’
      • *awnōn ‘to bring forth lambs’
      • *tigōn- ‘goat’
      • *gait- ‘goat’
      • *gaitina-
      • *hafra- ‘male goat, buck’
      • *kiðją ‘kid’
      • *kittīna
      • *tikkīna- ‘kid’
      • *hamalōjan- ‘to mutilate’
      • *hamala- ‘truncated(?)’
      • *gimbrī
      • *weþru- ‘(male) lamb; yearling’
      • *skēpa- ‘sheep’
      • *stōda- ‘flock’
      • *marha-
      • *hursa- ‘horse’
      • *hurzōn- ‘to rush’
      • *marhī-, *marhjō(n)-
      • *kʷik(w)o-
      • *waiþō
      • *fehu- ‘cattle’
      • *hrinþiz-, *hrinþez-, *hrunþiz- ‘cow, bovine; cattle’
      • *nauta- ‘utilizable cattle’
      • *neutan- ‘to make use of, enjoy’
      • *baruga- ‘castrated boar’
      • *kalbiz- ‘calf’
      • *uhsan- ‘ox’
      • *farwa-, *farzwa-
      • *kō-, *kū- ‘cow’
      • *wullō- ‘wool’
      • *hunanga- ‘honey’
      • *steura- ‘bull’
      • *steura- ‘bull’
      • *stiurikaz ‘bullock’
      • *bulan-, *bullan-
      • *wisand
      • *wisund- ‘wisent’
      • *fuh-
      • *fuhōn- ‘she-fox’
      • *fuhsa- ‘fox’
      • *nēdrōn- ‘viper’
      • *nēdra-
      • *wurmi- ‘worm’
      • *hesan-, *hazan- ‘hare’
      • *snēkan-
      • *snēggan-
      • *mili-dawwō-
      • *meluk- ‘milk’
      • *hēra- ‘hair’
      • *fōdra- ‘sheath, casing; fodder, animal feed’
      • *hūdi- ‘skin’
      • *rawwō- ‘(plucked) wool’
      • *elha-, *elhan- ‘elk, moose’
      • *stagga-
      • *raiha-, *raihan- ‘roe deer’
      • *heruta- ‘stag, hart, deer’
      • *hindō- ‘hind’
      • *deuza- ‘(wild) animal’
      • *hrabna-, *hrabō- ‘raven’
      • *aran- ‘eagle’
      • *wīnan ‘wine’
      • *salta- ‘salt’
      • *medu- ‘mead’
      • *wahsa- ‘wax’
      • *ketwa- ‘meat’
      • *mati- ‘food’
      • *weban- ‘to weave’
      • *spinnan- ‘to spin’
      • *flaiska-, *fleiski-
      • *faita- ‘fat’
      • *smerwa- ‘butter, grease’
      • *smeltan- ‘to melt’
      • *smalta-, *smulta- ‘(molten) fat, lard’
      • *talga-, *talgō- ‘tallow’
      • *kurna- ‘corn, wheat; grain, cereal’
      • *greuta-
      • *kurnila-
      • *hlaiba- ‘bread’
      • *rōbjōn- ‘turnip’
      • *apla- ‘apple’
      • *bariz-, *barza- ‘barley’
      • *blada- ‘leaf, blade’
      • *bewwa- ‘yield; barley’
      • *rugi- ‘rye’
      • *rukkan-, *ruggan- ‘rye’
      • *habran- ‘oats’
      • *arjan- ‘to plough’
      • *hwaitja- ‘wheat’
      • *hwīta-, *hwitta- ‘white’
      • *sēan- ‘to sow’
      • *terwōn- ‘tare(s)’
      • *plōga- ‘plough’
      • *siujan- ‘to sew’
      • *falgō- ‘fallow land’
      • *ahslō- ‘shoulder, armpit’
      • *ahsula-
      • *ahsō- ‘axle’
      • *ahse, *ahse- ‘axle’
      • *nabō- ‘hub, nave’
      • *hwehla-, *hweula- ‘wheel’
      • *wagna- ‘wagon’
      • *harbista- ‘autumn’
      • *harbjan- ‘to pluck’
      • *sumara- ‘summer’
      • *springan-, *sprinkan- ‘to break out, to leap’
      • *felþa- ‘field’
      • *furh- ‘furrow’
      • *walþu- ‘field, uncultivated area, wood’
      • *akra- ‘field’
      • *aizīna-
      • *aiza- ‘ore, brass’
      • *gulþa-, *gulda- ‘gold’
      • *silubra- ‘silver’
      • *kuppar
      • *felsa, *felesa-,*falisa, *falisia ‘mountain, rock’
      • *leþra- ‘leather’
      • *fella- ‘membrane, skin, hide’
      • *knība-, *knīban- ‘knife’
      • *staina- ‘stone’
      • *tim-ram
      • *tem-rom
      • *timbra- ‘timber, lumber’
      • *trewa- ‘tree’
      • *hulta- ‘wood (small forest); grove’
      • *busk- ‘bush, small forest (?)’
      • *widu- ‘tree; wood’
      • *basja-, *bazja- ‘berry’
      • *krappa ‘hook’
      • *līno- ‘flax’
      • *flahsa- ‘flax’
      • *harzwa- ‘flax’
      • *seg- ‘to cut’
      • *dalka-, *dalg- (?)
      • *talgjan- ‘to cut, carve’
      • *skēra- ‘scissors’
      • *skeran- ‘to cut’
      • *spadan- ‘spade’
      • *spadō-
      • *reka
      • *rekan- ‘to rake up, pile up’
      • *skeuban-, *skūban- ‘to shove’
      • *arþra- ‘scratch plough’
      • *arjan-tro-
      • *sulha- ‘plow’
      • *sagō- ‘saw’
      • *akʷesī- ‘axe’
      • *finhl-
      • *tōkslo-
      • *adesan- ‘adze’
      • *barda
      • *happja
      • *bīþla- ‘axe’
      • *bītan- ‘to bite, be sharp’
      • *juka- ‘yoke’
      • *arhwō- ‘arrow’
      • *bugan- ‘bow’
      • *beugan-, *būgan- ‘to bow, bend’
      • *gaiza- ‘spear, tip’
      • *speru- ‘spear’
      • *strēlō- ‘ray, beam, stick, arrow’
      • *swerda- ‘sword’
      • *bulta(n)- ‘to hit, to bump’
    • Gothic
      • *gais ‘spear’
      • jukuzi ‘yoke’
      • juk ‘yoke’
      • apel ‘apple’
      • timrjan ‘to build’
      • timr-ja ‘builder’
      • *timr ‘wood as building material(?)’
      • silubr ‘silver’
      • ais, aiz, aizis ‘ore, copper, bronze; money, coin’
      • *ahsuls ‘axle’
      • mats ‘food’
      • *midus ‘mead’
      • wein ‘wine’
      • ara ‘eagle’
      • fauhô ‘fox’
      • fauho ‘vixen’
      • wulla ‘wool’
      • fugls ‘bird’
      • swein ‘pig, swine (generic)’
    • Danish
      • gepard ‘cheetah’
      • fæ ‘cattle, beast; domestic animal’
      • gimmer-lam ‘feamle lamb’
      • ravn ‘raven’
      • vin ‘wine’
      • mad ‘food’
      • spade ‘spade’
      • segl ‘sickle’
      • fil ‘rasp, file’
      • spær ‘spear’
      • lanse ‘lance, spear’
    • Elfdalian
      • win ‘wine’
      • bi ‘bee’
      • bia ‘bee’
    • Faroese
      • gepardur ‘cheetah’
      • veiða ‘to hunt’
      • vín ‘wine’
    • Icelandic
      • vín ‘wine’
      • snákur ‘snake’
      • dýr ‘animal’
      • veiða ‘to hunt’
      • gimbur ‘year-old female sheep’
      • spaði ‘spade, shovel’
      • sigð ‘sickle’
    • Norwegian
      • ard ‘small plough without mouldboard’
    • Norwegian (Bokmål)
      • fil ‘rasp, file’
      • sigd ‘sickle’
      • spade ‘spade’
      • veida ‘to hunt’
      • veide ‘hunt, chase’
      • gepard ‘cheetah’
      • vin ‘wine’
      • nepe ‘turnip, Brassica rapa’
    • Norwegian (Nynorsk)
      • nepe ‘turnip, Brassica campestris rapifera’
      • vin ‘wine’
      • gepard ‘cheetah’
      • veida ‘to hunt’
      • spade ‘spade’
      • sigd ‘sickle’
      • fil ‘rasp, file’
    • Old Danish
      • rafn ‘raven’
    • Old Norse
      • hrafn ‘raven’
      • snákr ‘snake, viper’
      • fóa, fúa ‘vixen’
      • dýr ‘wild animal; roe deer’
      • rá ‘female roe deer; roe deer’
      • rǫggr, rǫgg ‘shaggy hair or wool’
      • hunang ‘honey’
      • vín ‘wine’
      • matr ‘food’
      • næpa ‘white turnip’
      • erja ‘to plough’
      • hafri ‘oats’
      • bygg ‘barley; cereal’
      • veiða ‘to hunt, to capture’
      • veiðr ‘hunt’
      • fé, fjár ‘beast (sing.); cattle, livestock (pl.); property, money’
      • naut ‘beast, bovine’
      • gymbr ‘sheep that has not yet dropped a lamb’
      • fugl, fogl ‘bird’
      • rakki ‘dog’
      • hár ‘hair (of head); hair’
      • kjǫt ‘meat/flesh; meat, flesh’
      • fjall, fell ‘skin, hide, fleece’
      • dálkr ‘dagger; brooch, clasp, pin’
      • boli, bole ‘bull, ox’
      • ugla ‘owl’
      • vargr ‘wolf, malefactor, outlaw’
      • leóna ‘lioness’
      • leó, león ‘lion’
      • tík ‘bitch’
      • bý ‘bee’
      • kokr ‘rooster’
      • gylta, gyltr ‘young (infertile?) sow; sow’
      • kiðlingr ‘kid’
      • kið ‘kid’
      • hamla ‘to maim, to mutilate’
      • geit ‘goat’
      • þél ‘rasp, file’
      • arðr ‘plough’
      • *ar-dagi ‘ploughing-day, ploughing’
      • reka ‘spade, shovel; rake’
      • ok ‘yoke’
      • sparða ‘battle axe, broad axe’
      • telgja ‘to cut, to carve’
      • sigð, sigðr ‘sickle; scythe’
      • spaði ‘spade’
      • haust ‘autumn’
      • haustr ‘autumn’
      • ǫxull ‘axle’
      • ǫxull-tré, öxul-tré ‘axle-tree’
      • eir ‘copper, bronze, brass’
      • fjall, fell ‘mountain, rock’
    • Old Swedish
      • pil, pīla ‘arrow’
      • spär ‘spear’
      • ēr ‘copper, bronze’
      • sikil ‘sickle’
      • fǣl ‘rasp, file’
      • fil ‘rasp, file’
      • vargher ‘wolf’
      • uggla ‘owl’
      • foghl, foghil, fugh ‘bird’
      • gummarlamb ‘male lamb’
      • nöt ‘beast, bovine’
      • fǣ ‘beast, livestock; property’
      • vin ‘wine’
      • rā ‘roe deer’
      • rafn, ramn ‘raven’
      • lō ‘lynx’
      • snōker
    • Swedish
      • snok ‘grass snake’
      • sjakal ‘jackal’
      • rå ‘roe deer’
      • rådjur ‘roe deer’
      • vin ‘wine’
      • fä ‘beast, domestic animal’
      • fågel ‘bird’
      • uggla ‘owl’
      • varg ‘wolf’
      • lo ‘lynx’
      • lodjur ‘lynx’
      • fil ‘rasp, file’
      • lans ‘lance, spear’
    • Dutch
      • knijp ‘knife’
      • knijf ‘knife (archaic)’
      • lans ‘lance, spear’
      • beer ‘boar; uncastrated male swine, whether wild or domesticated’
      • zwaard ‘sword’
      • vijl ‘file’
      • baard ‘broad axe’
      • dissel ‘adze’
      • juk ‘yoke’
      • zeisen, zeis ‘scythe’
      • sikkel ‘sickle’
      • vlas ‘flax’
      • hop ‘hops’
      • koper ‘copper’
      • herfst ‘autumn’
      • zilver ‘silver’
      • rots ‘rock’
      • goud ‘gold’
      • naaf ‘hub, nave’
      • oksel ‘armpit’
      • wagen ‘wagon’
      • zomer ‘summer’
      • lente ‘spring’
      • voor, vore ‘furrow’
      • leeuw ‘lion’
      • panter ‘leopard’
      • cheeta ‘cheetah’
      • jachtluipaard ‘cheetah’
      • beer ‘bear’
      • worgen, wurgen ‘to strangle, throttle’
      • ooruil ‘horned owl (lit. ear-owl)’
      • uil ‘owl’
      • luipaard ‘leopard’
      • geit ‘goat’
      • zwijn ‘pig, swine (generic)’
      • haan ‘rooster’
      • kieken, kuiken
      • rekel ‘male dog’
      • wolf ‘wolf’
      • as ‘axle’
      • vet ‘fat, fatty, greasy’
      • beuk ‘beech’
      • bul ‘bull’
      • noot ‘cattle, bovine’
      • vee ‘cattle’
      • ezel ‘donkey’
      • wijn ‘wine’
      • met ‘minced meat, esp. minced pork’
      • metworst ‘a kind of sausage’
      • was ‘wax’
      • weven ‘to weave’
      • oot ‘wild oats’
      • weit ‘wheat’
      • reuf ‘turnip (dial.)’
      • knolraap ‘turnip’
      • ree ‘roe deer’
      • hinde ‘female deer’
      • hert ‘red deer; deer (generic); male deer’
      • meeldauw ‘honey-dew’
      • haas ‘hare’
      • raaf ‘raven’
      • adder ‘viper’
    • English
      • cobra ‘cobra’
      • adder ‘viper’
      • deaf adder ‘slow worm (Anguis fragilis)’
      • snake ‘long limbless reptile of the suborder Ophidia’
      • viper ‘viper’
      • wyvern ‘mythical serpent, dragon’
      • serpent ‘serpent, snake’
      • worm ‘worm’
      • hare ‘hare’
      • bison ‘bison, wisent; American bison’
      • wisent ‘wisent, bison’
      • coney ‘rabbit skin or fur; rabbit’
      • rabbit ‘rabbit’
      • mildew ‘mildew’
      • milk ‘milk’
      • pilch ‘pilch’
      • fur ‘fur’
      • honey ‘honey’
      • doe ‘doe, female deer; female hare/rabbit’
      • fawn ‘fawn, young deer’
      • hide ‘hide, animal skin’
      • rag ‘rag’
      • venison ‘deer meat/flesh; game meat’
      • hart ‘hart, stag, male deer’
      • deer ‘deer’
      • eagle ‘eagle’
      • raven ‘raven’
      • erne ‘sea eagle’
      • elk ‘elk, moose; wapiti’
      • roe ‘roe deer’
      • stag ‘stag, male deer’
      • beast ‘animal’
      • hind ‘hind, female deer’
      • rape ‘rape, rapeseed’
      • neep ‘turnip; swede’
      • apple ‘apple’
      • loaf ‘loaf’
      • grit ‘grit’
      • groats ‘groats, hulled grain’
      • kernel ‘kernel, seed’
      • grain ‘grain; seed; particle’
      • corn ‘grain; seed; maize’
      • oat, oats ‘oat, oats’
      • cereal ‘cereal, grain’
      • furze ‘gorse’
      • wheat ‘wheat’
      • fellying ‘first ploughing after the harvest’
      • fallow ‘fallow, ploughed land’
      • haver ‘oats’
      • bigg ‘barley’
      • rye ‘rye’
      • barley ‘barley’
      • tare ‘vetch; (in pl.) an injurious weed among corn’
      • blade ‘blade, edge; narrow leaf; knife, sword’
      • tallow ‘tallow’
      • weave ‘weave’
      • tissue ‘tissue’
      • sew ‘sew’
      • spin ‘spin’
      • smear ‘smear’
      • flesh ‘flesh, meat’
      • schmalz ‘melted chicken fat; sentimentality’
      • suet ‘suet, sheep/bovine fat’
      • grease ‘grease’
      • ket ‘carrion’
      • wax ‘wax’
      • mead ‘mead’
      • wine ‘wine’
      • salt ‘salt’
      • easel ‘easel’
      • garron ‘small and inferior kind of horse, nag’
      • stud ‘stud’
      • burro ‘small donkey used as a pack animal’
      • donkey ‘donkey, ass’
      • ass ‘ass, donkey’
      • summer ‘summer’
      • tup ‘male sheep, ram’
      • sheep ‘sheep’
      • gimmer ‘gimmer, young ewe’
      • wether ‘castrated ram’
      • veal ‘calf meat’
      • quick ‘quick, fast; (obsolete) alive’
      • neat ‘(collective) cattle’
      • barrow ‘castrated boar’
      • fee ‘money paid in exchange for service, etc.’
      • mare ‘mare, female horse’
      • horse ‘horse’
      • stirk ‘yearling cow; young bullock or heifer’
      • steer ‘steer, young ox’
      • gold ‘gold’
      • falchion ‘sword’
      • cow ‘cow’
      • farrow ‘(of cow) without calf’
      • wool ‘wool’
      • bull ‘bull’
      • bullock ‘castrated bull, ox’
      • calf ‘calf; young animal’
      • kine ‘cattle’
      • ox ‘ox, castrated bull’
      • ash ‘ash tree’
      • birch ‘birch’
      • jackal ‘jackal’
      • hair ‘hair’
      • meat ‘meat, flesh’
      • beech ‘beech’
      • fat ‘fat’
      • root ‘root’
      • stone ‘stone’
      • tree ‘tree’
      • rake ‘rake’
      • tyke ‘low-bred or coarse dog; mongrel’
      • chicken ‘chicken; chick; chicken meat’
      • duck ‘duck’
      • rooster ‘rooster, domestic cock’
      • roost ‘(of a bird) to perch upon a roost’
      • fowl ‘fowl, domestic bird; Galloanserae’
      • cock ‘cock, rooster’
      • pullet ‘pullet, young hen’
      • hen ‘hen, female fowl’
      • swine ‘swine, pig’
      • sow ‘sow’
      • ploughsock ‘ploughshare; cutting blade of a plough’
      • gilt ‘young sow’
      • goat ‘goat’
      • ean, yean ‘to bring forth lambs’
      • kid ‘kid, young goat’
      • owl ‘owl’
      • boar ‘boar, male pig’
      • worry ‘worry, seize/kill with the teeth’
      • bear ‘bear’
      • wild boar ‘wild boar’
      • wolf ‘wolf’
      • leopard ‘leopard’
      • panther ‘leopard, panther’
      • cheetah ‘cheetah’
      • lion ‘lion’
      • ounce ‘snow leopard’
      • lynx ‘lynx’
      • wold ‘high open uncultivated land or moor’
      • field ‘field’
      • acre ‘acre’
      • hub ‘hub, axle, nave’
      • box ‘box; box tree’
      • pestle ‘pestle’
      • lent ‘lent’
      • spring ‘spring (season); water source’
      • furrow ‘furrow’
      • shear ‘shear, cut’
      • wain ‘wooden farm cart’
      • wagon, waggon ‘wagon’
      • vehicle ‘vehicle’
      • wheel ‘wheel’
      • axle ‘axle’
      • axle-tree ‘axle-tree’
      • bush ‘bush, shrub’
      • holt ‘wood (small forest)’
      • wood ‘wood’
      • rock ‘rock, stone’
      • timber ‘timber, wood’
      • crag ‘steep or rugged rock, rocky outcrop’
      • leather ‘leather’
      • fell ‘skin, hide’
      • silver ‘silver’
      • brass ‘brass’
      • argent ‘silver, white’
      • harvest ‘harvest; harvest season’
      • copper ‘copper’
      • ore ‘ore, crude metal’
      • hops ‘hops’
      • raisin ‘raisin, dried grape’
      • flax ‘flax’
      • line ‘flax; linseed (dial.)’
      • pome ‘pome fruit’
      • radish ‘radish’
      • turnip ‘turnip’
      • grape ‘grape’
      • berry ‘berry’
      • sith ‘sith, small scythe’
      • sickle ‘sickle’
      • shears ‘shears’
      • scythe ‘scythe’
      • harl, herl ‘fibre of flax or hemp’
      • cangue ‘cangue’
      • yoke ‘yoke’
      • bill, billhook ‘bill, billhook’
      • adze ‘adze’
      • hatchet ‘hatchet, small axe’
      • halberd ‘halberd’
      • saw ‘saw’
      • file ‘file’
      • axe ‘axe’
      • spade ‘spade’
      • sullow ‘plough’
      • shovel ‘shovel’
      • plough ‘plough’
      • loy ‘narrow spade used in Ireland’
      • sull ‘plough’
      • ard ‘ard, light plough’
      • sword ‘sword’
      • fell ‘hill; stretch of hills or moorland’
      • bolt ‘bolt’
      • farrow ‘farrow, piglet; litter of piglets’
      • sow ‘sow, female pig’
      • lance ‘lance, spear’
      • knife ‘knife’
      • spear ‘spear’
      • arrow ‘arrow’
      • bow ‘bow; bow (instrument); bow, knot’
    • Frisian
      • spear ‘spear’
      • knif ‘knife’
      • harrel ‘fibre or flax or hemp’
      • harvst, hearst, herst
      • sommer, simmer ‘summer’
      • sulver, selver ‘silver’
      • stîn, stîæn ‘stone’
      • wein ‘wagon’
      • lynks ‘lynx’
      • wjirgje ‘to strangle’
      • swinn, swin, swyn ‘pig, swine (generic)’
      • stien, stên ‘stone’
      • baerg ‘castrated boar’
      • skêp, skêap, sjip, sjapp, skiep, schâip ‘shhep’
      • salt, sâlt, sât, saut, solt ‘salt’
      • weewen, weve, weevje ‘to weave’
      • haver ‘oats’
      • oat ‘wild oat’
      • hasskerd ‘having a harelip’
      • haeze ‘hare’
    • German
      • Wisent ‘bison’
      • Rabe ‘raven’
      • Raps ‘rapeseed, Brassica napus’
      • Rübe ‘turnip’
      • aren ‘to plough’
      • Schmalz ‘fat, lard; fat, dripping’
      • fett ‘fat’
      • feist ‘fat’
      • Wein ‘wine’
      • Wachs ‘wax’
      • Mettwurst ‘a kind of sausage’
      • Schafbock ‘ram’
      • Schaf ‘sheep’
      • Noß ‘cattle (dialect)’
      • Weide ‘pasture, meadow; grazing’
      • Fett ‘fat (organic substance)’
      • Schakal ‘jackal’
      • Stier ‘bull’
      • Bulle ‘bull (for breeding); male whale, male elephant’
      • Ferkel ‘piglet, young immature pig’
      • Zicke ‘she-goat’
      • Zicklein ‘kid; fawn’
      • Kitz ‘kid, young goat; fawn’
      • Küchlein ‘chicken’
      • Biene ‘bee’
      • würgen ‘to choke’
      • Gepard ‘cheetah’
      • Panther ‘leopard, panther’
      • Waggon ‘railway carriage’
      • Wiel ‘wheel (in technical senses)’
      • Nabe ‘hub, nave’
      • Lenz ‘spring; a year of life’
      • Langis ‘spring’
      • Kneif ‘knife’
      • Gold ‘gold’
      • Kupfer ‘copper’
      • Sense ‘scythe’
      • Spaten ‘spade’
      • Schere ‘scissors, shears’
      • Sichel ‘sickle’
      • Flachs ‘flax’
      • Feile ‘file’
      • Hellebarde ‘halberd’
      • Barte ‘broad axe’
      • Dechsel ‘adze’
      • Wagen ‘wagon’
      • Kneip ‘knife’
      • Lanze ‘lance, spear’
      • Ger ‘Germanic throwing-spear’
    • Low German
      • knîp, kniep ‘knife’
      • knīf ‘knife’
      • weten ‘know’
      • juk, jok ‘yoke’
      • file ‘file’
      • sekel ‘sickle’
      • spade, spâ ‘spade’
      • seged, seid, sicht ‘scythe’
      • harvst, harfst ‘autumn’
      • silver, sülver, sulver ‘silver’
      • steen ‘stone’
      • oss ‘ox’
      • ko ‘cow’
      • weten ‘wheat’
      • Mettwurst ‘a kind of sausage’
      • Mett ‘minced meat, especially pork’
      • wass ‘wax’
      • fett ‘fat’
      • weven ‘to weave’
      • hawer ‘oats’
      • rapsād ‘rape’
      • hart ‘deer’
      • dier ‘animal’
    • Middle Dutch
      • hert, hart ‘deer (generic); male deer’
      • hertinne ‘female deer’
      • hinde ‘female deer’
      • rēa, ree ‘roe deer’
      • meeldauw ‘honey-dew’
      • raven, ravene, rave ‘raven’
      • adder, adere, addre ‘viper’
      • nader, nadre, nadder ‘viper’
      • snaak ‘snake’
      • hase, haese, hāze ‘hare’
      • *robbe ‘rabbit’
      • rāpe, raep ‘turnip’
      • rove ‘turnip’
      • oot ‘wild oats’
      • rogge, rogghe, rugge ‘rye’
      • erien ‘to plough’
      • weit, weite ‘wheat’
      • weven ‘to weave’
      • was ‘wax’
      • met- ‘pork’
      • wîn, wijn ‘wine’
      • sout, zout ‘salt’
      • swert, zwert, swart, swaert, sweert, swaerd, sward ‘sword’
      • vet ‘fat, fatty, greasy; fertile, abundant’
      • boeke ‘beech’
      • rooc, roic ‘smoke (n)’
      • bul, bulle, bolle ‘bull’
      • noot ‘bovine animal, especially for meat’
      • vee, ve, veeh, vieh, vie, veede ‘cattle’
      • sommer, somer, zomer ‘summer’
      • cheetah ‘cheetah’
      • panter ‘leopard’
      • leeuwe, leuwe, lêwe, leeu, leu ‘lion’
      • lupart, leupart, liepart ‘leopard’
      • pardus, paerdus, perdus ‘leopard’
      • ule, hule ‘owl’
      • worghen ‘to strangle, throttle’
      • beer ‘boar, male pig; wild boar’
      • wulf, wolf ‘wolf’
      • bie ‘bee’
      • kieken, kiekijn, kûken ‘chicken’
      • hāne ‘rooster’
      • geit, geet, geete ‘goat’
      • varken, varkijn, varkin, verken, verreken, veerken, verke ‘pig’
      • swijn ‘pig, swine (generic)’
      • goud-, gout, golt ‘gold’
      • silver, selver, sulver ‘silver’
      • herfst, heerfst, herft ‘harvest, autumn’
      • coper ‘copper’
      • lente ‘spring’
      • lentin ‘spring’
      • vōre ‘furrow’
      • nave, naef, naf ‘hub, nave’
      • asse ‘axle’
      • ocsele, oxel, oxele ‘armpit’
      • wiel ‘wheel’
      • wagen, waeghen ‘wagon’
      • seisene ‘scythe’
      • spade ‘spade, tool for digging, usually with a flattish rectangular iron blade’
      • sekele, zekele ‘sickle’
      • vlas, vlasch ‘flax’
      • hop, hoppe, huppe ‘hops’
      • pīke, piek, pijc ‘pointed implement’
      • vîle ‘file’
      • schaer ‘scissors’
      • joc, juc, joke ‘yoke’
      • dissel, dissele ‘adze’
      • barde ‘broad axe’
      • bere, beer ‘bear’
      • rotse, roche, roke, roce ‘rock’
      • somer, sommer, seumer ‘pack-animal’
      • swart, zwart, sw(a)ert, swa/erd ‘black (colour)’
      • cnief, cnijf ‘knife’
      • lanse ‘lance, spear’
      • spere, speer ‘spear’
    • Middle English
      • spere ‘spear’
      • gore, gare ‘spear’
      • bow, boȝe, bowe ‘bow; arc, arch’
      • aewe, arewe, arowe ‘arrow’
      • bowe ‘bow’
      • launce, lence, lance ‘spear, lance’
      • knif, cnife, cniue ‘knife’
      • ax ‘axe’
      • fel ‘mountain’
      • swerd ‘sword’
      • bolt ‘arrow, esp. the shorter and stouter kind fired from cross-bows; discharge of lightning’
      • strale ‘arrow (CDB); the pupil of the eye (OED 1917)’
      • arc ‘part of a circle or curve; arch’
      • box, boxe ‘shrub or tree of the genus Buxus; the wood of the box tree’
      • farrow, fare ‘birth of piglets, litter of piglets’
      • big ‘barley’
      • bere ‘barley’
      • haubert, hauberde, halberde ‘combined spear and battleaxe’
      • sparth ‘long-handled broad-bladed battle-axe, used especially by the Irish down to the 16th century’
      • hachet ‘hatchet; small axe’
      • þixil, þixel ‘adze’
      • adese ‘adxe’
      • bill ‘digging implement, mattock, pickaxe; various forms of bladed weapon’
      • spade ‘spade’
      • schovel ‘shovel’
      • suluh, solow ‘plough’
      • plogh ‘plough’
      • arder ‘ploughing, the state of being ploughed up; land ploughed up and left fallow, fallow land’
      • ardagh ‘ploughing, the quantity of land that may be ploughed in a given timeframe’
      • sawe, sagh ‘saw’
      • pike, pick
      • ax ‘axle’
      • fyle ‘file’
      • hoppe ‘hops’
      • reisyn, resin, racin, raising ‘grape; bunch of grapes; dried grape’
      • flex ‘flax’
      • lin ‘flax’
      • berie ‘berry; grape’
      • grape ‘grape; bunch of grapes’
      • pome ‘apple; pome’
      • sikel ‘sickle’
      • sheers ‘scissors, shears’
      • syþe, sith ‘scythe’
      • herle ‘filament, fibre’
      • wain ‘wagon; the Great Bear (constellation)’
      • hwele, whele ‘wheel’
      • okselle ‘armpit’
      • axil, axel, axell, axile ‘axle’
      • nave ‘hub, nave’
      • axeltre ‘axle; axle-tree’
      • axtre, axtreo ‘axle-tree’
      • wald, wæld ‘woodland’
      • feeld ‘field, open land; the country as opposed to the town’
      • pestyl, pestylle, pistel, pestelle, pestel ‘club-shaped instrument for grinding food, etc. in a mortar’
      • hubbe, hubb, hub, hob ‘hub, nave’
      • aker ‘field’
      • lenten ‘spring’
      • spryng, spring, sprynge ‘spring (season); water source’
      • forwe ‘furrow’
      • scer, scire, schær, sheare, sheere, shure, shore, sheard, sheered, shorne, schard ‘to shear’
      • coper ‘copper’
      • ær, ore, wore ‘ore’
      • hærfest, herfest, hervest ‘autumn; harvest season; (later): the harvest (reaping and gathering in); the ripened crop’
      • fore-year ‘early part of the year’
      • sylver ‘silver’
      • argent ‘silver, white’
      • bras ‘generic bronze’
      • gold ‘gold’
      • busch, busche, busk, buske, bosk, boske ‘bush; thicket, undergrowth, scrub’
      • holte, halte, hoult ‘wood (small forest)’
      • timber, timbur, tymber, tymbyr ‘wood, esp. as building material; material in general’
      • rocke ‘large mass of stone; cliff, crag, or other such natural feature’
      • stæn, stoon, stonne, stone ‘stone’
      • lether ‘leather; skin’
      • suyn, swyne ‘pig, swine (generic)’
      • sock ‘ploughshare’
      • sow ‘sow, female pig’
      • far ‘young pig’
      • gilte ‘sow’
      • gote ‘goat (generic)’
      • gayte ‘goat’
      • ȝene, yene, yeane, yean ‘(of a ewe) to bring forth lambs’
      • kide, kede, kid ‘kid, young of the goat’
      • coc, cocke ‘cock, rooster’
      • hen ‘hen’
      • chiken ‘chicken’
      • ducke ‘duck’
      • fowl ‘bird’
      • tike ‘low-bred or coarse dog; mongrel’
      • bere ‘bear’
      • bār, bore ‘boar, male pig; wild boar’
      • wery, worowe ‘to strangle, to suffocate; to kill (a person or animal) by compressing the throat’
      • wulf, wolf ‘wolf’
      • oule ‘owl’
      • wilde bar ‘wild boar’
      • pard ‘leopard or other large cat’
      • pardal ‘leopard, panther’
      • lyon ‘lion’
      • leo ‘lion’
      • lenx, linx, lynce, lince, lynx ‘lynx’
      • ounce ‘a medium-sized member of the cat family, such as a lynx, puma, or cheetah’
      • pantere, panthere ‘leopard or other large spotted cat’
      • leopard, lebard, lubard, leupard ‘leopard’
      • somer, sumer ‘summer’
      • asse ‘ass, donkey’
      • stude, stode, studde ‘herd of mares for breeding; establishment where horse are bred’
      • garran, garrant ‘small and inferior kind of horse bred and used chiefly in Ireland and Scotland (OED)’
      • schepe ‘sheep’
      • tuppe, tupe ‘male sheep’
      • wether ‘ram’
      • gimmer ‘ewe between one and two years old’
      • quek, queke, quike, quick ‘living, alive; animate; (of animals, esp. cattle) owned as livestock; (of property or wealth) consisting of live animals’
      • naut, nout, nēat, nete ‘bovine animal: ox, bullock, cow, heifer; (collective) cattle’
      • baru, barrow ‘castrated boar’
      • ryther, ruther, rother ‘a horned bovine animal, esp. (in later use) an ox, a bullock’
      • rotheren ‘of oxen or cattle’
      • waith ‘hunting, fishing; the unlawful taking of game; the right to take game; game, spoils’
      • gainage ‘profit or produce from the tillage of land; husbandry’
      • fee ‘livestock, cattle large or small; moveable property; money’
      • hors ‘horse’
      • mere ‘mare’
      • steore, ster, steyr, steer ‘young bull or ox, especially castrated’
      • wull, woll, wulle, wolle, wole, woolle, wool ‘wool’
      • fauchoun, faulchion ‘billhook; curved broadsword’
      • cowe, cow, cu, ku, cou ‘cow’
      • bulluc, bullok, bolok, bullocke, bullock ‘bull calf; castrated bull, ox’
      • bule, bulle ‘bull’
      • bole, boole ‘bull’
      • farrow ‘(of cow) without calf’
      • oxe ‘ox’
      • kine ‘cattle (collective)’
      • calf ‘calf’
      • beche ‘beech’
      • asch ‘ash tree’
      • birche ‘birch’
      • fel, felle, fell, vel, velle ‘skin, hide’
      • hid, hide, hude, huyde, hyd ‘hide, animal skin’
      • tre, tree ‘tree’
      • wode ‘wood (material); wood (forest); tree ’
      • salt ‘salt’
      • wīn ‘wine’
      • mete, mæte ‘meat; food in general; flesh’
      • ket ‘raw flesh, carrion; also fig. trash, rubbish’
      • meode, meyde, mead ‘mead’
      • talgh ‘tallow’
      • weve ‘to weave’
      • spinne ‘to spin’
      • sewe ‘to sew’
      • tyssu ‘a rich kind of cloth; any woven fabric’
      • fleshe ‘flesh; meat’
      • smear ‘fat, grease, lard; ointment’
      • gresse ‘animal fat’
      • suette, sewet ‘suet’
      • sowe ‘to sow’
      • ear, are ‘to plough’
      • falge, falwe ‘ploughing as part of the fallowing process; arable land lying idle’
      • rye ‘rye’
      • hafyr, havyr, haver ‘oats’
      • blad, bladde, blade ‘leaf; blade; knife’
      • tare ‘corn pest; wild or cultivated vetch, tare; vetch seed’
      • bærlíc, barlic, barrliȝ, berley ‘barley’
      • nape ‘french turnip, Brassica napus’
      • navew ‘rape, Brassica napus’
      • rape ‘rape, rapeseed; turnip; radish’
      • appel ‘apple’
      • navette ‘oil-seed rape, Brassica napus subsp. oleifera’
      • navet ‘navew gentle, edible rape, Brassica napus var. napobrassica’
      • loafe, laf, lof, loof, layf, lofe, loffe ‘bread; portion of bread baked in one mass’
      • grotene, grotes, grots ‘grain hulled, coarsely ground, or crushed; oatmeal’
      • griet, grete ‘sand, grit’
      • greyn, grayn ‘(generic) grain, cereal’
      • ote ‘oat (single grain)’
      • corn ‘seed, kernel; particle; (fruit of) cereal; (generic) grain; crop’
      • conyn, conyng, conig, coney ‘rabbit’
      • rabbyt, rabbette, rabbatte ‘rabbit’
      • hara, hare ‘hare’
      • bison, bisontes ‘wisent, (European) bison’
      • fixene, fixen, vixen ‘female of the fox’
      • fox, foxe, vox, wox ‘fox’
      • unce ‘lynx’
      • nadder, neder ‘snake (generic), viper; dragon’
      • adder, edder ‘snake (generic), viper; dragon’
      • corbie ‘raven; carrion crow’
      • wyrme, werm, worm ‘snake, reptile, dragon; worm; insect; vermin’
      • serpent, sarpent ‘snake, reptile; creeping thing’
      • wyver, wyvern ‘poisonous snake, viper’
      • viper, vyper, vypar, veper ‘poisonous snake; viper’
      • snake, snayke, snack ‘snake’
      • meldew, mildew ‘honey-dew, mildew’
      • melk ‘milk’
      • huni, honi ‘honey’
      • furre ‘hair of certain animals growing thick upon the skin, hence, the coat of such animals’
      • hær, hêr, heer ‘hair’
      • har, hor
      • venaison ‘game (meat), specifically the meat of larger animals’
      • rage, ragge, ragg ‘tattered or ragged cloth; tattered clothing’
      • foun, faon, faune, fawn ‘young animal; young fallow deer’
      • do, doo ‘doe, female deer; female hare/rabbit’
      • roe ‘roe deer’
      • elke, alke ‘elk, moose’
      • hind ‘female (red) deer’
      • best, beest, beeste ‘animal’
      • stagg, stagge, stag ‘stag; male red deer’
      • hert, hart ‘the male of the (red) deer’
      • deor ‘animal; deer’
      • ærn, erne ‘eagle (generic)’
      • rafne, raven ‘raven’
      • egle ‘(golden) eagle’
    • Middle High German
      • elch, elhe ‘elk, moose’
      • miltou ‘honey-dew; mildew’
      • raben, rabe, rab ‘raven’
      • rappe, rapp ‘raven’
      • vuhs ‘fox’
      • vühsinne ‘vixen’
      • vohe ‘vixen, fox’
      • wisant, wisent, wisen ‘bison’
      • ruobe, rüebe ‘turnip’
      • eren, ern ‘to plough’
      • vet ‘fat’
      • wahs ‘wax’
      • maz ‘food’
      • wīn ‘wine’
      • vogel ‘bird’
      • veiz, veiz̧et, veiz̧t ‘fat’
      • ohse ‘ox’
      • kuo ‘cow (generic & specific)’
      • stier ‘bull’
      • weide, weid ‘feed, food, pasture’
      • nōz ‘cattle, livestock’
      • vihe, vehe, vëhe, vih, vie, vê ‘cattle’
      • schâf ‘sheep’
      • pantier, pantēr, pantel ‘large spotted cat’
      • iuwel, iule ‘owl’
      • part, parde ‘leopard’
      • würgen, wurgen ‘to strangle’
      • erwergen ‘to strangle’
      • ber, bēr ‘bear’
      • bin, bine ‘bee’
      • küchen ‘chicken’
      • zickelīn ‘kid’
      • kiz, kitze ‘kid, young of the goat’
      • verkel, varchelīn ‘piglet, young pig’
      • knīf
      • wite, wit ‘tree; wood’
      • gold-, golt ‘gold’
      • kupfer, kopfer ‘copper’
      • herbest ‘autumn’
      • lenze ‘spring’
      • langez ‘spring’
      • naba ‘hub, nave’
      • segense, seinse ‘scythe’
      • schære, schær ‘scissors, shears’
      • sichel ‘sickle’
      • vlahs
      • hopfe ‘hops’
      • ackes ‘axe’
      • vîle, vîgel ‘file’
      • joch ‘yoke’
      • jiuch ‘a land measure’
      • wagen ‘wagon’
      • dëhse, dëhsel ‘adxe’
      • helm-barte ‘halberd’
      • barte ‘broad axe’
      • lanze ‘lance, spear’
      • vël ‘hide, skin; fur, fleece’
      • gēr ‘spear’
    • Middle Low German
      • sper ‘spear’
      • knīp ‘knife’
      • knīf ‘knife’
      • hert, herte ‘heart (organ)’
      • barde ‘broad axe’
      • vîle ‘file’
      • hoppe ‘hops’
      • vlas ‘flax’
      • spade ‘spade’
      • schēre ‘scissors, shears’
      • seisene, seinse, sein ‘scythe’
      • sekele ‘sickle’
      • harl, harle, harrel, herle ‘stalk of flax’
      • nāve ‘hub, nave’
      • asse ‘axle’
      • wagen, wage ‘wagon’
      • somer, sommer, samer ‘summer’
      • lente ‘spring’
      • hervest, hervst ‘autumn’
      • silver, sulver ‘silver’
      • ēr, ēre ‘ore; metal; copper, brass’
      • rotse ‘rock’
      • stēnrotse
      • stēn ‘stone’
      • verk, verken, ferken ‘pig, piglet’
      • swîn ‘pig, swine (generic)’
      • küken ‘chicken’
      • bene, beine ‘bee’
      • bîe, beie ‘bee’
      • wulf ‘wolf’
      • tike ‘bitch’
      • rekel ‘large farm dog’
      • pard, parde, part, pardel ‘leopard’
      • pantēr, pantel-dēr ‘large spotted cat’
      • lauwe, louwe ‘lion’
      • stōt, stōd-, tote, tōte ‘female horse’
      • nōt- ‘bovine, cattle’
      • weiden ‘to hunt with falcons’
      • bulle ‘bull’
      • kô ‘cow’
      • osse ‘ox, male bovine’
      • bōke ‘beech’
      • harte, herte ‘deer (generic)’
      • wīn ‘wine’
      • salt, solt ‘salt’
      • metworst ‘a kind of sausage’
      • met ‘lean pork’
      • vēt ‘fat, pork fat’
      • vet ‘fat, greasy’
      • talch ‘tallow’
      • weven ‘to weave’
      • weiten, wêten ‘wheaten’
      • wēte, weite ‘wheat’
      • haver, havere ‘oats’
      • nader, ader, adder, edder ‘viper’
      • snake ‘snake; grass snake’
      • worm ‘any crawling creature; worm, insect, scorpion, snake, dragon’
      • meldouw, meldouwe, mehlthau ‘canker, rust’
      • rē ‘roe deer’
      • raven, rave ‘raven’
      • dêr, dêrt ‘animal’
    • Old English
      • dēor ‘beast, esp. quadruped; wild animal’
      • heorot, heort ‘hart, male deer’
      • hræfn, hraebn, hræmn ‘raven’
      • earn ‘eagle (generic)’
      • rā, rāha ‘roe deer’
      • eolh, ē̆ola ‘elk, moose’
      • stagga, *stacga ‘male (red) deer’
      • hind ‘female deer’
      • meoloc, meolc ‘milk’
      • mildēaw, meledêaw ‘honey-dew, nectar’
      • hǣring, hēring ‘herring’
      • pilece, pylece ‘outer garment made of animal skin with the fur used as a lining’
      • hunig ‘honey’
      • dā ‘female fallow deer’
      • wyrm, weorm, wurm ‘snake, reptile, dragon; worm; insect’
      • wurma ‘purple snail, woad’
      • snaca ‘snake’
      • nǣ̆dre, næddre ‘snake (generic), viper; dragon’
      • neder ‘snake (generic), viper; dragon’
      • fox ‘fox; trickster, cheat’
      • hara ‘hare’
      • ryge ‘rye’
      • bærlíc ‘(of or pertaining to) barley’
      • bere, bær ‘barley’
      • blēd, blǣd ‘leaf; harvest; blade’
      • hwǣte ‘wheat’
      • sāwan ‘to sow’
      • ęrian ‘to plough’
      • fælging, fylging ‘fallow field’
      • næp ‘turnip’
      • æpl, appel ‘apple’
      • corn ‘seed, kernel; particle; (fruit of) cereal; (generic) cereal’
      • atae, atte, æte, ate ‘oat’
      • cyrnel ‘(generic) grain, cereal’
      • gréot ‘earth, sand, grit’
      • *grotan ‘crushed oats’
      • hlāf ‘bread’
      • wefan ‘to weave’
      • seowian, siwian ‘to sew’
      • spinnan ‘to spin’
      • fǽtt ‘fat’
      • flāsc, flæsc ‘flesh; meat’
      • mete ‘food’
      • meodo ‘mead’
      • weax ‘wax’
      • sealt ‘salt’
      • wīn ‘wine’
      • berc, beorc ‘birch’
      • æsc ‘ash tree; spear (poetic)’
      • dalc, dolc, dalk ‘pin, brooch, clasp, buckle’
      • bierce, byrce, birce, birciae ‘birch’
      • fugel, fugol, fugul ‘bird’
      • smeoru ‘fat, grease, tallow’
      • fell, fel ‘skin, hide’
      • hýd ‘skin’
      • stān ‘stone’
      • trēow, trēo ‘tree’
      • wudu, widu, wiodu ‘tree; wood (material); forest’
      • hǣr ‘hair’
      • oxa ‘ox’
      • cealf, calfur ‘calf’
      • cū ‘cow’
      • *bulla ‘bull’
      • bulluc ‘young bull, bull calf’
      • stīrc, stȳrc, stȳric, stīorc ‘calf; young bullock; heifer’
      • stēor ‘young bull or ox, especially castrated’
      • gold ‘gold’
      • wull ‘wool’
      • feoh, fioh ‘cattle, property, money’
      • mere, myre ‘mare’
      • wáð ‘hunting, wandering’
      • wæðan ‘to wander, to hunt’
      • hors ‘horse’
      • nēat ‘a bovine animal: ox, bullock, cow, heifer’
      • cwic, cwicu, cucu ‘alive’
      • hriþeru
      • hrīþer, hrīðer, hryþer, hruðer ‘cow, bovine’
      • bearg, bearh ‘castrated boar’
      • stōd ‘stud, herd of horses’
      • assa, assen ‘donkey’
      • scéap, scǽp, scēp, scīp ‘sheep’
      • weðer ‘ram; wether’
      • hamelian ‘to mutilate’
      • léona ‘lioness’
      • pandher ‘large spotted cat’
      • lēo, léon, lēon ‘lion’
      • ūle ‘owl’
      • pard ‘leopard or similar large cat’
      • wyrigan, wirgan ‘to strangle’
      • bār ‘boar, male pig; wild boar’
      • bera ‘bear’
      • wulf ‘wolf’
      • wylf ‘wolf’
      • duce ‘duck’
      • *dūcan ‘to duck, to dive’
      • cicen ‘the young of the hen; its meat’
      • henn ‘hen’
      • cocc, coc, kok ‘cock, rooster’
      • swīn ‘pig, swine (generic)’
      • sū, sugu ‘sow, female pig’
      • gilte ‘sow’
      • faerh, fearh ‘(young) pig’
      • ēanian ‘(of a ewe) to bring forth lambs’
      • gæten ‘of goat’
      • gāt ‘she-goat; goat’
      • leðer ‘leather’
      • stānrocc ‘rock formation; cliff, crag, etc.’
      • *rocc ‘mass of rock’
      • timber ‘a building; the process of building; building materials; wood as building material’
      • holt ‘wood (small forest)’
      • bræs ‘generic bronze’
      • seolfor, siolufr, sylfor ‘silver’
      • ār, ǣr ‘brass, bronze, copper’
      • ǣren ‘iron, brazen’
      • coper, copor ‘copper’
      • sumer, sumor ‘summer’
      • scieran ‘to cut, to shave’
      • furh ‘furrow’
      • sprynge ‘spring, water source’
      • springan, sprincan ‘to spring, to burst out; to grow’
      • lencten ‘spring’
      • æcer ‘field’
      • feld, feald ‘field’
      • weald ‘wood’
      • wægn, wægen, wǽn ‘wagon’
      • hwēol, hweohhol ‘wheel’
      • *eax ‘axle’
      • *eax-tréow ‘axle; axle-tree’
      • nafa, nabu, nebu, nafu ‘hub, nave; the central part or block of a (usually spoked) wheel, into which the end of the axle is inserted, and from which the spokes radiate’
      • síðe ‘scythe’
      • *sigði ‘scythe’
      • hærfest, hęrfest ‘harvest; autumn; harvest season’
      • scēara ‘(pair of) scissors’
      • sicol, sicel ‘sickle’
      • fleax ‘flax’
      • līn ‘flax’
      • berige ‘berry, esp. grape, gooseberry’
      • wīnberge, wīnberige ‘grape’
      • sagu ‘saw’
      • féol ‘file’
      • plōh ‘ploughland, a large measure of land; plough’
      • sulh ‘plough’
      • scofl ‘shovel’
      • pāl ‘stake, stave, stick’
      • spadu ‘spade’
      • adesa, eadesa, adese ‘adze’
      • geoc ‘yoke’
      • bill ‘broadsword, halberd, various forms of bladed weapon’
      • acus, æsc, æx ‘axe’
      • box, boxe ‘shrub or tree of the genus Buxus’
      • sweord ‘sword’
      • strǣl ‘ray, beam, stick, arrow’
      • bolt ‘bolt, arrow’
      • cnīf ‘knife’
      • culter ‘knife; cutting part of a plough’
      • spere ‘spear’
      • gār ‘spear’
      • earh ‘arrow’
      • boga ‘bow; arc, arch’
    • Old Frisian
      • spere, spiri ‘spear’
      • knīf ‘knife’
      • swerd ‘sword’
      • spada ‘spade’
      • wein ‘wagon’
      • feld ‘field’
      • herfst
      • selover, selver, selvir, silver, sulver ‘silver’
      • timber ‘timber’
      • stēn ‘stone’
      • swīn ‘pig, swine (generic)’
      • wolf ‘wolf’
      • wergia ‘to strangle, to kill’
      • lawa ‘lion’
      • homelian ‘to mutilate’
      • skêp, schêp ‘sheep’
      • hrīther, rīther, rēther, rēder, rēr ‘bovine animal’
      • fel, ful ‘skin’
      • fat ‘fat’
      • wîn ‘wine’
      • wax ‘wax’
      • mete ‘food’
      • *weva ‘to weave’
      • appel ‘apple’
      • era, ara ‘to plough’
      • hasa ‘hare’
    • Old High German
      • wisunt, wisant ‘bison’
      • voha, foha ‘vixen’
      • fuhs ‘fox’
      • rappo ‘raven’
      • raban, rabo, hraban, hrabo, hram ‘raven’
      • militou ‘honey-dew; mildew’
      • elaho, elho ‘elk, moose’
      • erran, erien, erren ‘to plough’
      • ruoba, ruoppa ‘turnip’
      • feiz̧z̧it ‘fat’
      • smalz ‘fat, lard’
      • maz ‘food’
      • wahs ‘wax’
      • wīn, win ‘wine’
      • fel ‘skin (animal and human), pelt’
      • gold, golt, colt ‘gold’
      • stior ‘bull’
      • kuo, chuo ‘cow’
      • ohso ‘ox’
      • nōz ‘cattle, livestock’
      • fihu ‘cattle, animal, money’
      • weida ‘fodder, pasture, hunting, fishing; wandering, roaming’
      • scāf ‘sheep’
      • lewo, leo ‘lion’
      • bēr ‘(wild) boar’
      • wurgen ‘to strangle; to worry, to kill by violence’
      • warg ‘devil; criminal’
      • pardo ‘leopard, panther’
      • ūwila, ūla ‘owl’
      • farhilī, farhilīn, farhelîn ‘piglet, young pig’
      • chizzī, kizzī, chizzīn, kizzīn ‘goat kid’
      • zickīn ‘kid, young goat’
      • fogal, fugal ‘bird’
      • bini ‘bee’
      • witu, wito ‘tree; wood (material)’
      • silabar, silbir ‘silver’
      • kupfar, chuphar ‘copper’
      • lenzo ‘spring’
      • langiz, langaz ‘spring’
      • lengizin, lenzin ‘spring’
      • naba ‘hub, nave’
      • ahsala, ahsla ‘shoulder; armpit’
      • ackus ‘axe’
      • fîla, fîgila, fîhala ‘file’
      • juh, joh ‘yoke’
      • happa, heppa ‘sickle-shaped knife’
      • wagan ‘wagon’
      • dehsa, dehsala ‘adze’
      • barta ‘axe’
      • flahs ‘flax’
      • hopfo ‘hops’
      • herbist ‘harvest; autumn’
      • skâr, skâri ‘scissors’
      • scāra ‘scissors’
      • sichila, sihila ‘sickle’
      • segansa ‘scythe’
      • pfīl ‘javelin, arrow’
      • gēr ‘spear’
    • Old Saxon
      • sper ‘spear’
      • pīl ‘arrow, javelin’
      • swerd ‘sword’
      • segisna ‘scythe’
      • spado ‘spade’
      • *flahs ‘flax’
      • barda ‘axe’
      • juk ‘yoke’
      • fīla ‘file’
      • akus ‘axe’
      • naba, nava ‘hub, nave’
      • feld ‘field’
      • hẹrvist ‘autumn (?)’
      • siluƀar, siloƀar ‘silver’
      • ēr ‘ore; brass’
      • leðar ‘leather’
      • wulf ‘wolf’
      • bī ‘bee’
      • swîn ‘pig, swine (generic)’
      • bēr ‘boar’
      • nōt, nōtil
      • hrīth ‘bovine animal’
      • fugal, fugol ‘bird’
      • wîn, win ‘wine’
      • meti ‘food’
      • hwēti ‘wheat’
      • rēho ‘roe deer’
      • milidou ‘honey-dew, mildew’
      • ram ‘raven (?)’
      • hraƀan ‘raven’
      • nādra, nādara ‘viper’
      • wurm ‘worm; snake’
    • Swiss German
      • Nooss ‘young sheep or goat’
    • Classical Greek
      • ságma ‘load, harness, saddle’
      • sápō ‘to stuff, compress, pack, load, equip’
      • párdalis, párdalios ‘leopard, panther’
      • léōn ‘lion’
      • lýnx, lynkós ‘lynx’
      • pántʰēr ‘large spotted cat, panther’
      • tʰṓs, tʰōós ‘jackal; ferret’
      • bísōn ‘wisent, (European) bison’
      • knē̂kos ‘safflower’
      • nâpy ‘mustard’
      • hypʰaínō ‘to weave, warp; devise, produce’
      • hypʰḗ ‘web; fabric’
      • hýpʰos ‘fabric’
      • kýprios ‘of/from Cyprus’
      • Kýpros ‘Cyprus’
      • ókʰos ‘cart, carriage, vehicle’
      • ékʰō ‘to carry, transport’
    • Modern Greek
      • vísonas ‘bison’
      • gáta ‘cat’
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan
      • *bhergo-, *bhergā- ‘birch’
    • Sanskrit
      • citrakāya ‘speckled-body; tiger, panther’
      • citraka- ‘speckled, variegated; leopard’
      • śṛkāla-, śr̥gālá- ‘jackal’
      • ūrṇāvábhi- ‘spider (lit. 'wool-weaver')’
      • ubh- ‘to bind, fetter’
      • vahana-, vāhana- ‘chariot’
      • vah- ‘to ride’
      • vā́has- ‘vessel’
      • vāhá- ‘draught animal, vessel’
      • vahitra- ‘ship’
      • nā́bhi- ‘navel; nave; centre’
      • nábhya- ‘hub (of wheel)’
    • Hindi
      • cītā, chītā ‘hunting leopard; leopard’
    • Avestan
      • ham- ‘summer’
    • Proto-Italic
      • *jung-e/o-, -jug-, jug-o-, joug-es-, joug-s-mn-to-
      • *fēto-
      • *tekse/o-
      • *wīno-
      • *rāpo-
      • *grāno-
      • *weip-es-ā-?
      • *serpe/o-
      • *kolos-ro-?
      • *korwo-
      • *pelni-
      • *wēnā-je/o- ‘to hunt’
      • *wēn-o/ā- ‘hunting’
      • *wekti-
      • *pins- ‘to grind’
      • *argento-
      • *līno- ‘flax’
      • *po-e/omo- ‘taken off, picked’
      • *arkuo-, *arkʷo- ‘bow’
      • *k(e/o)l-tro- ‘knife’
    • Catalan
      • llança ‘lance, spear’
      • poll ‘chick, chicken’
      • raïm ‘grape (generic)’
      • poma ‘apple’
      • pom ‘fruit’
      • pica ‘pike’
      • nap ‘turnip’
      • poll ‘louse’
      • roca ‘rock; stone’
      • pollastre ‘chicken’
    • French
      • panthère ‘panther; leopard, esp. melanistic’
      • léopard ‘leopard’
      • guépard ‘cheetah’
      • chacal ‘jackal’
      • veau ‘calf, meat of calf’
      • navet ‘turnip’
      • navette ‘rape plant; rape seed’
      • grain ‘(generic) grain, cereal; small seed; small fruit, such as grapes or peppercorns; particle’
      • bison ‘bison’
      • rabouillère ‘burrow where the female rabbit gives birth to and nurses its young’
      • rabotte ‘rabbit’
      • rabot ‘carpenterʼs plane’
      • cangue ‘heavy wooden collar or yoke, formerly used in China to punish criminals’
      • hallebarde ‘halberd’
      • hache ‘axe’
      • hachette ‘small axe’
      • hache d'armes ‘battle-axe’
      • pomme ‘apple’
      • grappe ‘(hanging) bunch of grapes or other fruit, or of flowers; hook’
      • roche ‘large mass of stone’
      • rocher ‘mass of stone, esp. high, visible, above ground-level, etc.’
      • wagon ‘railway carriage’
      • lance ‘lance, spear’
    • Friulian
      • lance ‘lance, spear’
    • Italian
      • lancia ‘lance, spear’
      • roccia ‘rock; bedrock’
      • rocca ‘citadel raised upon rock; stone, rock’
      • grappa ‘hook; metal support’
      • grappo ‘act of seizing’
      • grappare ‘to seize’
      • grappolo ‘bunch of grapes’
      • pomo ‘fruit; knob’
      • alabarda ‘halberd’
      • picca ‘pike’
      • lonza ‘leopard, large cat; lynx, wild cat’
      • venagione ‘hunt, hunting’
      • napello ‘aconite; wolfsbane’
      • grascia ‘abundance, profit; animal grease’
      • guadagnare ‘to gain, to profit’
      • sciacallo ‘jackal (Canis aureus)’
      • grasso ‘fat (organic substance); fat’
      • falcione ‘billhook; curved sword’
      • gattopardo ‘spotted animal, leopard; wild cat, ocelot (modern)’
      • leopardo ‘leopard’
      • leone ‘lion’
      • gatto, gatta ‘cat’
    • Late Latin
      • ganatus
      • sagmārius ‘beast of burden, horse’
      • pellicia ‘made of skins’
      • plovum ‘plough’
      • rocca ‘citadel raised upon rock’
      • cūprum ‘copper’
      • cuprum ‘copper’
      • cuprum ‘copper’
      • *coprum ‘copper’
    • Latin
      • cupreum, cyprium ‘copper; copper (lit. Cyprian metal); copper’
      • vehiculum ‘wheeled vehicle’
      • umbilīcus ‘navel; centre, middle’
      • umbō ‘boss of a shield’
      • pistillum, pistillus ‘pounder, pestle’
      • pīnsere ‘to pound, to crush’
      • pālus ‘wooden post, stake, peg’
      • iugum, jugum ‘yoke’
      • iugula ‘Orionʼs belt’
      • pōmus, pōmum ‘fruit-tree; fruit’
      • racēmus ‘bunch, cluster (of grapes or other fruit)’
      • līnea ‘linen thread; line’
      • līneus ‘flaxen’
      • līnum ‘flax plant, linseed; linen thread; linen’
      • culter, cultrī ‘knife; cutting part of a plough’
      • lancea ‘spear, lance’
      • arcus ‘bow; arch’
      • pīlum ‘javelin, spear’
      • vēnātiōnem ‘hunting’
      • vēnātus ‘hunt’
      • venatio, -ionis ‘hunt, spoils of the hunt, game’
      • vēnārī ‘to hunt’
      • ruere ‘to churn or plough up, dig out’
      • bēstia ‘beast, animal’
      • aquila ‘eagle’
      • cunīculus ‘burrow; rabbit; underground mine or tunnel’
      • bisōn ‘wisent, (European) bison’
      • corvus ‘raven’
      • colubra ‘snake, serpent; female snake’
      • serpēns ‘snake, serpent’
      • serpere ‘to crawl, to glide’
      • vīpera ‘poisonous snake’
      • grassus ‘fat, fatty, greasy’
      • crassus ‘fat’
      • texere ‘to weave, construct’
      • sēbum ‘animal fat; hard animal fat, tallow, suet, grease’
      • vīnum ‘wine’
      • napus ‘turnip’
      • rāpa, rāpum ‘turnip’
      • grānum ‘(generic) grain, cereal; grape, seed’
      • cereālis ‘pertaining to Ceres (goddess of the harvest)’
      • sagma ‘load, burden’
      • asinus ‘ass, donkey; wooden support piece for a roof’
      • jungere ‘to put in the yoke, to join’
      • fētus ‘having recently given birth; fertile’
      • fētus ‘parturition, breeding, offspring’
      • argentum ‘silver’
      • thōs ‘jackal; (spotted) wild dog’
      • pellis ‘skin; hide; pelt’
      • cattus ‘cat (wild, later domesticated)’
      • pullus ‘young chicken; young of an animal, esp. young cock, hen; foal’
      • lynx ‘lynx’
      • leopardus ‘leopard’
      • panthēra ‘leopard or other large spotted cat’
      • leō, leōnis ‘lion’
      • pardalis ‘leopard, panther’
      • pardus ‘leopard, panther’
    • Middle French
      • pard ‘leopard, panther’
      • panthere ‘leopard or other large spotted cat’
      • once ‘lynx’
      • lion ‘lion’
      • poulet, poulette ‘young chicken, young hen, young fowl’
      • fauchon ‘small scythe’
      • naveau ‘turnip’
      • navet ‘turnip’
      • conin, connin, conil, connil, cunis ‘rabbit’
      • *rabotte ‘rabbit’
      • *robotte ‘rabbit’
      • pile ‘javelin’
      • lance ‘spear, lance’
      • pon, pom
      • pike, pique ‘a weapon, short spear’
      • pestel ‘club-shaped instrument in a mortar’
      • argent ‘silver’
    • Occitan
      • vagon ‘railway carriage’
      • poma ‘apple’
      • pom ‘apple’
      • lansa ‘lance, spear’
      • bison ‘bison’
      • chacal, chacala ‘jackal’
      • guadanhar ‘to gain, to profit’
      • leupard ‘leopard’
    • Old French
      • pantere ‘leopard or other large spotted cat’
      • lonce ‘lynx’
      • leopard, lebard, leupard ‘leopard’
      • soc ‘plough-share’
      • somer, sumer, somier ‘beast of burden’
      • guaaignage ‘'produce of the land, profit; arable land; pasture'’
      • craisse, graisse, gresse ‘fat (organic substance); animal or human fat’
      • serpent ‘snake’
      • vipere, vipre
      • guivre, givre, vouivre, vivre, wyvre, wivre ‘(poisonous) snake; viper’
      • corb ‘raven’
      • eigle, egle, aille ‘eagle’
      • beste ‘beast, animal’
      • faon, faün ‘young of a wild animal; young deer’
      • veneson, veneisun, venison, venoison ‘hunt, game’
      • forrëure ‘animal skin with its fur; garment made of furs’
      • forrer ‘to line a garment with fur’
      • fuerre ‘sheath’
      • nef ‘rape plant; turnip’
      • tissu ‘belt; woven headband; dress’
      • tistre ‘to weave’
      • seu, sieu, siu, sui ‘melted animal fat, tallow; vegetal grease’
      • lance ‘spear, lance’
      • arc ‘bow, curve, arch’
      • pon, pom ‘apple’
      • grappe ‘(hanging) bunch of grapes or other fruit, or of flowers; hook’
      • raisin ‘grape; fruit of the vine’
      • hallebarde ‘halberd’
      • hachete ‘small axe’
      • hache ‘axe’
      • pestel ‘pounder, pestle’
      • coevre ‘copper’
      • roche, roce ‘large mass of stone, cliff, crag; detached mass of stone; stone as a material for construction; cave, cavern; fortress built on a rock, citadel’
      • rochier ‘mass of stone at ground level’
    • Old Italian
      • accia ‘axe’
      • grappo ‘bunch of grapes’
      • grappa ‘hook’
      • poma ‘fruit’
      • pómo ‘fruit tree’
      • pardo ‘speckled animal, leopard’
    • Old Provençal
      • acheta ‘small axe’
      • apcha ‘axe’
    • Old Spanish
      • pardo ‘leopard’
      • onza ‘lynx’
      • onça ‘lynx’
    • Portuguese
      • onça ‘jaguar (Brazil & Portugal); puma (Brazil & Portugal); leopard (Angola)’
      • cobra ‘snake (generic)’
      • veada ‘female deer (generic)’
      • veado ‘deer (generic); venison’
      • veação ‘hunting’
      • nabo ‘turnip’
      • nabiça ‘turnip greens’
      • chita ‘cheetah’
      • rocha ‘stone; rock’
      • chacal ‘jackal’
      • garranhão ‘stallion’
      • canga ‘yoke for oxen, porterʼs yoke; ox-yoke; servitude, oppression; ox-yoke; servitude, oppression’
      • pica, pique ‘pike, lance’
      • vagão ‘railway carriage’
      • lança ‘lance, spear’
    • Provençal
      • lansa ‘lance, spear’
      • grapa, grapo ‘hook, claw’
      • graps ‘hollow of the hand’
      • saumiero ‘beast of burden’
      • leou, leoun ‘lion’
      • nap ‘turnip’
      • gran, gra ‘grain, cereal’
      • grana ‘grain, particle’
      • venaizo, venazo
      • sèrp ‘snake’
    • Romanian
      • nap ‘turnip’
      • lance ‘lance, spear’
    • Sardinian
      • lantza ‘lance, spear’
    • Spanish
      • lanza ‘lance, spear’
      • poma ‘fruit; apple’
      • grapa ‘staple, clamp’
      • pica ‘pike’
      • vehiculo ‘vehicle; means of transport’
      • roca ‘stone, rock (as natural mineral aggregate)’
      • nabo ‘turnip’
      • lince ‘lynx’
      • guepardo ‘cheetah’
      • burro ‘donkey’
      • garañón ‘large donkey stallion’
    • Vulgar Latin
      • *falciōn, *falciōnem
      • *crassia ‘fatty’
      • *wipera
      • *luncea ‘wild cat’
      • bestia ‘beast, animal’
      • *racīmus
    • Walloon
      • rotche ‘rock’
      • robète, robett ‘rabbit’
    • Turkish
      • chakāl ‘jackal’
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian
      • ---
    • Medieval Latin
      • uncea ‘lynx’
      • hupa ‘hops’
    • Stub proto-form
      • *kors-uo-
      • *dolgh-eie-
      • *sph̥2-dh-on-
      • *h₂egʷis-ih₂-
      • *krs-Vk-ā-
      • *pe/ol-es-o-
      • *pel-nó-
      • *ǵneibh-o-, *ǵneibh-on-
      • *(h₁)uidh-u-
      • *kold-o-
      • *silubhr-
      • *uólH-tu-
      • *h₂erk-uh₂-
      • *ghois-ó-
      • *sperH-u-
      • *streh1-lo/eh2
      • *suer-dhro-
      • *uisond-, *uisondh-
      • *snegh-
      • *neh₁tr-éh₂-
      • *krobh-on-(?)
      • *Hroik-on-
      • *dheus-ó-
      • *kuH-tí-
      • *kn̥h₂-onḱ-o-
      • *dolgh-o/eh₂-
      • *mod-i-
      • *uoḱs-o-
      • *rā̆p(h )-
      • *pol(h₁)(ḱ )-éh₂-
      • *bhar-es-
      • *bheuh₂-o-
      • *rugh-i-
      • *bhl-én-
      • *ḱom-olo-
      • *krs-neh₂-
      • *mark-o-
      • *bhoru-ḱo-
      • *uérǵh-e-
      • *urǵh-ie-
      • *luk-so- ‘lynx’
      • *ghol-tó-
      • *kap-ro-
      • *ghaid-
      • *dig(h  )-eh₂-
      • *kh₂n-on-
    • Anglo-Norman
      • *suet, *sewet
      • pestel, pestle ‘club-shaped instrument for grinding food, etc. in a mortar; the foreleg of an animal used as food’
    • Old Franconian
      • *waidanjan
    • Old Catalan
      • part ‘leopard, panther (?)’
      • onça, unça ‘lynx’