• South America
  • Proto-Tupí-Guaraní
    • *ko ‘this’
    • *aŋ ‘this’
    • *mɨa ‘person; people’
    • *anĩ ‘no’
    • *-etá ‘much’
    • *pé, *peʔĩ, *ojepetẽi ‘one’
    • *mokõy ‘two’
    • *aʔɨ̃y ‘seed’
    • *oʔó ‘flesh, meat’
    • *atĩ ‘horn’
    • *po-apẽ ‘fingernail’
    • *enɨpɨʔã ‘knee’
    • *eβék, *eβeŋ- ‘belly’
    • *ɨʔu ‘to drink’
    • *karú, *kaʔru ‘to eat’
    • *βeβúy, *βeβɨj ‘to float’
    • *βeβe ‘to fly’
    • *atá ‘to walk’
    • *ʔáβ, *ʔáw ‘to lie down’
    • *yačɨ-tatá ‘star’
    • *ɨʔɨtíŋ ‘sand’
    • *(ɨβɨ)kuʔí ‘sand’
    • *ɨβák-tíŋ, *iβatiŋ ‘cloud’
    • *(t)atá-tíŋ ‘smoke’
    • *tanimbúk ‘ashes’
    • *kočúβ ‘ashes’
    • *káy ‘to get burned’
    • *yβytýr ‘hill’
    • *yukɨrɨ ‘yellow’
    • *pitsun, *pɨtun ‘black; dark’
    • *roʔɨ́ ‘cold’
    • *aβá ‘person’
    • *-aɨtʃe ‘man, relative of the same group as a woman’
    • *kurumĩ ‘boy’
    • *waiwĩ ‘old (woman)’
    • *pitáŋ, *mitáŋ ‘child’
    • *embi-rekó ‘wife’
    • *pɨ-apẽ ‘toenail’
    • *úβ ‘leg’
    • *kupé ‘back’
    • *ɨé, *eɨ ‘belly’
    • *ɨé-pʷér ‘intestines’
    • *endɨ, *enɨ ‘saliva’
    • *kam-ɨ́ ‘milk’
    • *apekũ, *kũ, *ku ‘tongue’
    • *(jo)ʔók ‘to dig’
    • *-ata, *(t)atá ‘fire’
    • *pe-tɨm ‘tobacco’
    • *ɨrapár, *ɨβɨrapár ‘bow’
    • *kaʔapiʔí, *kapiʔi ‘grass, weeds’
    • *yuʔũ ‘grass, weeds’
    • *paranã ‘river’
    • *ɨ-upá, *ipaβ ‘lake, lagoon’
    • *-ɨtiʔmbór, *ɨwtimor ‘dust, powder’
    • *atɨ́r ‘mountain’
    • *ár, *ʔar ‘day’
    • *ɨβɨr-á ‘tree; log; stick’
    • *miyár ‘animal’
    • *kaʔí ‘monkey’
    • *tapiʔír ‘tapir’
    • *ʔɨčár, *ɨar ‘canoe’
    • *βók ‘crack, split’
    • *ʔu ‘to swallow, to eat, to drink (trans.)’
    • *ekó- ‘to be in movement, to live’
    • *ár, *ʔar ‘to fall (human); to be born’
    • *kúy ‘to fall (object)’
    • *(mbo)mbór ‘to throw’
    • *meʔéŋ ‘to give’
    • *(mbo)ayán ‘to push’
    • *čéy ‘to wash’
    • *potuká ‘to clean’
    • *kɨtíŋ-ʔók ‘to clean’
    • *ʔɨtáβ ‘to swim’
    • *βúr ‘to float’
    • *(mo-)tɨk ‘to pull’
    • *βúr, *βuβur ‘to swell’
    • *rurúk ‘to swell’
    • *-čaráy, *jemotsaraj ‘to play, to amuse’
    • *-yarú ‘to play’
    • *čɨ́β ‘to rub’
    • *pín ‘to rub’
    • *čɨrɨ́ ‘to run (water)’
    • *čók ‘to pull off’
    • *eʔɨ́y ‘to scratch’
    • *enõy ‘to call, to name’
    • *kaʔmbú, *kamu ‘to suck’
    • *pɨtér ‘to suck’
    • *karãy ‘to scrape; to scratch’
    • *kutúk ‘to bore, to perforate’
    • *mbaraká ‘to sing’
    • *poračéy ‘to sing, to dance’
    • *mboβúk, *mboβɨk ‘to sew’
    • *-mbukú ‘to dust’
    • *mombeʔú ‘to recount’
    • *poán ‘to twist’
    • *yán ‘to run’
    • *(mbo)yár ‘to tighten’
    • *ye-βɨr ‘to return, to come back’
    • *yáy ‘to laugh’
    • *tuβiyáβ, *tuβitsaβ ‘big’
    • *tuyá ‘old’
    • *oβɨ́ ‘green, blue’
    • *akɨ́m ‘humid, wet’
    • *amõ ‘other’
    • *čɨ́m ‘smooth’
    • *yúk, *ujuk- ‘rotten’
    • *aíβ ‘bad, dirty’
    • *aimbé ‘sharp’
    • *apoʔá, *apuʔá ‘short’
    • *apuʔá ‘round’
    • *čɨ́β ‘clean’
    • *čún, *un ‘black, dark’
    • *kɨʔá ‘dirty’
    • *mbočapɨr ‘few’
    • *páβ ‘all’
    • *pɨpɨ́r ‘wide’
    • *poʔí ‘thin’
    • *amõ-ité ‘far’
    • *eʔɨ́m ‘negation 'not'’
    • *mbaʔé reče ‘why?’
  • Proto-Tupí
    • *apʷũ ‘person; who?’
    • *kʲũ ‘tongue’
    • *kˀo, *kˀu ‘to swallow, to eat, to drink’
    • *atʲa ‘fire’
  • Proto-Mawé-Awetí-Tupí-Guaraní
    • *yjTa(p) ‘to swim’