• Eurasia
    • Old English → Middle English
      • bōc, bēce → beche
      • bierce, byrce, birce, birciae → birche
      • stēor → steore, ster, steyr, steer
      • *bulla → bule, bulle
      • bulluc → bulluc, bullok, bolok, bullocke, bullock
      • cū → cowe, cow, cu, ku, cou
      • cū → kine
      • oxa → oxe
      • cealf, calfur → calf
      • hrīþer, hrīðer, hryþer, hruðer → ryther, ruther, rother
      • hriþeru → rotheren
      • bearg, bearh → baru, barrow
      • nēat → naut, nout, nēat, nete
      • feoh, fioh → fee
      • cwic, cwicu, cucu → quek, queke, quike, quick
      • mere, myre → mere
      • hors → hors
      • stōd → stude, stode, studde
      • assa, assen → asse
      • scéap, scǽp, scēp, scīp → schepe
      • weðer → wether
      • ēanian → ȝene, yene, yeane, yean
      • gāt → gote
      • sū, sugu → sow
      • swīn → suyn, swyne
      • faerh, fearh → far
      • henn → hen
      • cocc, coc, kok → coc, cocke
      • fugel, fugol, fugul → fowl
      • cicen → chiken
      • duce → ducke
      • wulf → wulf, wolf
      • wyrigan, wirgan → wery, worowe
      • bera → bere
      • bār → bār, bore
      • ūle → oule
      • pard → pard
      • lēo, léon, lēon → leo
      • fox → fox, foxe, vox, wox
      • hara → hara, hare
      • wyrm, weorm, wurm → wyrme, werm, worm
      • snaca → snake, snayke, snack
      • nǣ̆dre, næddre → adder, edder
      • nǣ̆dre, næddre → nadder, neder
      • hræfn, hraebn, hræmn → rafne, raven
      • earn → ærn, erne
      • dēor → deor
      • heorot, heort → hert, hart
      • hind → hind
      • stagga, *stacga → stagg, stagge, stag
      • rā, rāha → roe
      • dā → do, doo
      • hýd → hid, hide, hude, huyde, hyd
      • hǣr → hær, hêr, heer
      • hunig → huni, honi
      • mildēaw, meledêaw → meldew, mildew
      • meoloc, meolc → melk
      • sealt → salt
      • wīn → wīn
      • meodo → meode, meyde, mead
      • mete → mete, mæte
      • flāsc, flæsc → fleshe
      • smeoru → smear
      • wefan → weve
      • spinnan → spinne
      • seowian, siwian → sewe
      • ęrian → ear, are
      • fælging, fylging → falge, falwe
      • sāwan → sowe
      • blēd, blǣd → blad, bladde, blade
      • bærlíc → bærlíc, barlic, barrliȝ, berley
      • ryge → rye
      • atae, atte, æte, ate → ote
      • corn → corn
      • *grotan → grotene, grotes, grots
      • gréot → griet, grete
      • hlāf → loafe, laf, lof, loof, layf, lofe, loffe
      • næp → nape
      • æpl, appel → appel
      • berige → berie
      • līn → lin
      • fleax → flex
      • síðe → syþe, sith
      • sicol, sicel → sikel
      • scēara → sheers
      • spadu → spade
      • scofl → schovel
      • sulh → suluh, solow
      • plōh → plogh
      • sagu → sawe, sagh
      • féol → fyle
      • adesa, eadesa, adese → adese
      • bill → bill
      • wægn, wægen, wǽn → wain
      • hwēol, hweohhol → hwele, whele
      • *eax → ax
      • *eax-tréow → axtre, axtreo
      • nafa, nabu, nebu, nafu → nave
      • æcer → aker
      • feld, feald → feeld
      • weald → wald, wæld
      • furh → forwe
      • lencten → lenten
      • sprynge → spryng, spring, sprynge
      • sumer, sumor → somer, sumer
      • scieran → scer, scire, schær, sheare, sheere, shure, shore, sheard, sheered, shorne, schard
      • hærfest, hęrfest → hærfest, herfest, hervest
      • coper, copor → coper
      • ār, ǣr → ær, ore, wore
      • bræs → bras
      • seolfor, siolufr, sylfor → sylver
      • gold → gold
      • wudu, widu, wiodu → wode
      • trēow, trēo → tre, tree
      • timber → timber, timbur, tymber, tymbyr
      • stān → stæn, stoon, stonne, stone
      • leðer → lether
      • fell, fel → fel, felle, fell, vel, velle
      • cnīf → knif, cnife, cniue
      • gār → gore, gare
      • spere → spere
      • boga → bow, boȝe, bowe
      • boga → bowe
      • earh → aewe, arewe, arowe
      • strǣl → strale
      • bolt → bolt
      • sweord → swerd
      • wull → wull, woll, wulle, wolle, wole, woolle, wool
      • æsc → asch
      • acus, æsc, æx → ax
      • box, boxe → box, boxe
      • faerh, fearh → farrow, fare
      • bere, bær → bere
    • Old English → English
      • stīrc, stȳrc, stȳric, stīorc → stirk
      • pilece, pylece → pilch
      • fǽtt → fat
      • hwǣte → wheat
      • cyrnel → kernel
      • sulh → sull
      • geoc → yoke
    • Old English → Old English
      • *bulla → bulluc
      • *dūcan → duce
      • lēo, léon, lēon → léona
      • wyrm, weorm, wurm → wurma
      • hǣr → hǣring, hēring
      • bere, bær → bærlíc
      • berige → wīnberge, wīnberige
      • *sigði → síðe
      • *eax → *eax-tréow
      • springan, sprincan → sprynge
      • *rocc → stānrocc
    • Old English → Old Norse
      • lēo, léon, lēon → leó, león
      • léona → leóna
      • næp → næpa
    • Middle English → English
      • beche → beech
      • birche → birch
      • asch → ash
      • fauchoun, faulchion → falchion
      • steore, ster, steyr, steer → steer
      • bule, bulle → bull
      • bulluc, bullok, bolok, bullocke, bullock → bullock
      • farrow → farrow
      • cowe, cow, cu, ku, cou → cow
      • kine → kine
      • oxe → ox
      • calf → calf
      • baru, barrow → barrow
      • naut, nout, nēat, nete → neat
      • fee → fee
      • quek, queke, quike, quick → quick
      • mere → mare
      • hors → horse
      • stude, stode, studde → stud
      • garran, garrant → garron
      • asse → ass
      • somer, sumer → summer
      • schepe → sheep
      • tuppe, tupe → tup
      • gimmer → gimmer
      • wether → wether
      • ȝene, yene, yeane, yean → ean, yean
      • gote → goat
      • kide, kede, kid → kid
      • sock → ploughsock
      • suyn, swyne → swine
      • gilte → gilt
      • hen → hen
      • coc, cocke → cock
      • fowl → fowl
      • chiken → chicken
      • ducke → duck
      • tike → tyke
      • wulf, wolf → wolf
      • wery, worowe → worry
      • bere → bear
      • bār, bore → boar
      • oule → owl
      • leopard, lebard, lubard, leupard → leopard
      • pantere, panthere → panther
      • lyon → lion
      • lenx, linx, lynce, lince, lynx → lynx
      • ounce → ounce
      • bison, bisontes → bison
      • hara, hare → hare
      • conyn, conyng, conig, coney → coney
      • rabbyt, rabbette, rabbatte → rabbit
      • serpent, sarpent → serpent
      • wyrme, werm, worm → worm
      • viper, vyper, vypar, veper → viper
      • wyver, wyvern → wyvern
      • snake, snayke, snack → snake
      • adder, edder → adder
      • rafne, raven → raven
      • ærn, erne → erne
      • egle → eagle
      • deor → deer
      • hert, hart → hart
      • hind → hind
      • best, beest, beeste → beast
      • stagg, stagge, stag → stag
      • roe → roe
      • elke, alke → elk
      • venaison → venison
      • do, doo → doe
      • foun, faon, faune, fawn → fawn
      • rage, ragge, ragg → rag
      • hid, hide, hude, huyde, hyd → hide
      • hær, hêr, heer → hair
      • furre → fur
      • huni, honi → honey
      • meldew, mildew → mildew
      • melk → milk
      • salt → salt
      • wīn → wine
      • meode, meyde, mead → mead
      • ket → ket
      • mete, mæte → meat
      • fleshe → flesh
      • smear → smear
      • gresse → grease
      • suette, sewet → suet
      • talgh → tallow
      • weve → weave
      • tyssu → tissue
      • spinne → spin
      • sewe → sew
      • falge, falwe → fallow
      • falge, falwe → fellying
      • sowe → sow
      • tare → tare
      • blad, bladde, blade → blade
      • bærlíc, barlic, barrliȝ, berley → barley
      • rye → rye
      • hafyr, havyr, haver → haver
      • ote → oat, oats
      • corn → corn
      • greyn, grayn → grain
      • grotene, grotes, grots → groats
      • griet, grete → grit
      • loafe, laf, lof, loof, layf, lofe, loffe → loaf
      • rape → rape
      • nape → neep
      • appel → apple
      • pome → pome
      • berie → berry
      • grape → grape
      • reisyn, resin, racin, raising → raisin
      • hoppe → hops
      • lin → line
      • flex → flax
      • herle → harl, herl
      • syþe, sith → scythe
      • syþe, sith → sith
      • sikel → sickle
      • sheers → shears
      • spade → spade
      • schovel → shovel
      • suluh, solow → sullow
      • plogh → plough
      • sawe, sagh → saw
      • fyle → file
      • adese → adze
      • haubert, hauberde, halberde → halberd
      • hachet → hatchet
      • bill → bill, billhook
      • wain → wain
      • hwele, whele → wheel
      • axil, axel, axell, axile → axle
      • axeltre → axle-tree
      • hubbe, hubb, hub, hob → hub
      • pestyl, pestylle, pistel, pestelle, pestel → pestle
      • aker → acre
      • feeld → field
      • wald, wæld → wold
      • forwe → furrow
      • lenten → lent
      • spryng, spring, sprynge → spring
      • scer, scire, schær, sheare, sheere, shure, shore, sheard, sheered, shorne, schard → shear
      • hærfest, herfest, hervest → harvest
      • coper → copper
      • ær, ore, wore → ore
      • bras → brass
      • argent → argent
      • sylver → silver
      • gold → gold
      • busch, busche, busk, buske, bosk, boske → bush
      • wode → wood
      • holte, halte, hoult → holt
      • tre, tree → tree
      • timber, timbur, tymber, tymbyr → timber
      • rocke → rock
      • stæn, stoon, stonne, stone → stone
      • fel, felle, fell, vel, velle → fell
      • lether → leather
      • knif, cnife, cniue → knife
      • launce, lence, lance → lance
      • spere → spear
      • bow, boȝe, bowe → bow
      • aewe, arewe, arowe → arrow
      • bolt → bolt
      • swerd → sword
      • wull, woll, wulle, wolle, wole, woolle, wool → wool
      • fel → fell
      • ax → axe
      • box, boxe → box
      • farrow, fare → farrow
      • sow → sow
      • wilde bar → wild boar
      • big → bigg
    • Middle English → Middle English
      • bār, bore → wilde bar
    • Middle English → Irish
      • conyn, conyng, conig, coney → coinín
      • okselle → ascaill
      • axil, axel, axell, axile → aiseal
      • axtre, axtreo → acastóir, acaistéar
    • Middle English → Scottish Gaelic
      • conyn, conyng, conig, coney → coinean, coineanach
      • axil, axel, axell, axile → aiseal, aisil
    • Middle English → Welsh
      • conyn, conyng, conig, coney → cwningen
      • bras → pres
    • Middle English → Middle Irish
      • bras → prás
    • Middle English → Cornish
      • bras → brest
    • Middle English → Middle Welsh
      • bowe → bwa
    • Proto-Germanic → Middle Low German
      • *bōk(j)ō- → bōke
      • *bulan-, *bullan- → bulle
      • *kō-, *kū- → kô
      • *uhsan- → osse
      • *nauta- → nōt-
      • *waiþō → weiden
      • *stōda- → stōt, stōd-, tote, tōte
      • *swīna- → swîn
      • *farha-kīna- → verk, verken, ferken
      • *bini → bene, beine
      • *bîôn-, *biôn → bîe, beie
      • *wulfa- → wulf
      • *wurmi- → worm
      • *snēggan- → snake
      • *nēdrōn- → nader, ader, adder, edder
      • *hrabna-, *hrabō- → raven, rave
      • *deuza- → dêr, dêrt
      • *heruta- → harte, herte
      • *raiha-, *raihan- → rē
      • *mili-dawwō- → meldouw, meldouwe, mehlthau
      • *salta- → salt, solt
      • *wīnan → wīn
      • *mati- → met
      • *faita- → vet
      • *talga-, *talgō- → talch
      • *weban- → weven
      • *hwaitja- → wēte, weite
      • *habran- → haver, havere
      • *flahsa- → vlas
      • *harzwa- → harl, harle, harrel, herle
      • *skēra- → schēre
      • *spadan- → spade
      • *finhl- → vîle
      • *barda → barde
      • *wagna- → wagen, wage
      • *ahse, *ahse- → asse
      • *nabō- → nāve
      • *sumara- → somer, sommer, samer
      • *aiza- → ēr, ēre
      • *silubra- → silver, sulver
      • *staina- → stēn
      • *knība-, *knīban- → knīf
      • *knība-, *knīban- → knīp
      • *speru- → sper
    • Proto-Germanic → Middle Dutch
      • *bōk(j)ō- → boeke
      • *bulan-, *bullan- → bul, bulle, bolle
      • *nauta- → noot
      • *fehu- → vee, ve, veeh, vieh, vie, veede
      • *gait- → geit, geet, geete
      • *swīna- → swijn
      • *farha-kīna- → varken, varkijn, varkin, verken, verreken, veerken, verke
      • *hanan- → hāne
      • *bîôn-, *biôn → bie
      • *wulfa- → wulf, wolf
      • *wurgjan- → worghen
      • *baira- → beer
      • *uwwilōn- → ule, hule
      • *hesan-, *hazan- → hase, haese, hāze
      • *snēggan- → snaak
      • *nēdrōn- → adder, adere, addre
      • *nēdrōn- → nader, nadre, nadder
      • *hrabna-, *hrabō- → raven, ravene, rave
      • *heruta- → hert, hart
      • *hindō- → hinde
      • *raiha-, *raihan- → rēa, ree
      • *mili-dawwō- → meeldauw
      • *salta- → sout, zout
      • *wīnan → wîn, wijn
      • *wahsa- → was
      • *mati- → met-
      • *faita- → vet
      • *weban- → weven
      • *arjan- → erien
      • *hwaitja- → weit, weite
      • *rukkan-, *ruggan- → rogge, rogghe, rugge
      • *rōbjōn- → rove
      • *flahsa- → vlas, vlasch
      • *seg- → seisene
      • *skēra- → schaer
      • *spadan- → spade
      • *finhl- → vîle
      • *tōkslo- → dissel, dissele
      • *barda → barde
      • *juka- → joc, juc, joke
      • *wagna- → wagen, waeghen
      • *hwehla-, *hweula- → wiel
      • *ahslō- → ocsele, oxel, oxele
      • *ahse, *ahse- → asse
      • *nabō- → nave, naef, naf
      • *furh- → vōre
      • *sumara- → sommer, somer, zomer
      • *harbista- → herfst, heerfst, herft
      • *silubra- → silver, selver, sulver
      • *gulþa-, *gulda- → goud-, gout, golt
      • *knība-, *knīban- → cnief, cnijf
      • *speru- → spere, speer
      • *swerda- → swert, zwert, swart, swaert, sweert, swaerd, sward
    • Proto-Germanic → Old High German
      • *steura- → stior
      • *kō-, *kū- → kuo, chuo
      • *uhsan- → ohso
      • *nauta- → nōz
      • *fehu- → fihu
      • *waiþō → weida
      • *skēpa- → scāf
      • *kittīna → chizzī, kizzī, chizzīn, kizzīn
      • *tikkīna- → zickīn
      • *farha-līna- → farhilī, farhilīn, farhelîn
      • *fugla- → fogal, fugal
      • *bini → bini
      • *wurgjan- → wurgen
      • *warga-, *warza- → warg
      • *baira- → bēr
      • *uwwilōn- → ūwila, ūla
      • *fuhsa- → fuhs
      • *fuhōn- → voha, foha
      • *wisund- → wisunt, wisant
      • *hrabna-, *hrabō- → raban, rabo, hraban, hrabo, hram
      • *elha-, *elhan- → elaho, elho
      • *mili-dawwō- → militou
      • *wīnan → wīn, win
      • *wahsa- → wahs
      • *mati- → maz
      • *faita- → feiz̧z̧it
      • *smalta-, *smulta- → smalz
      • *arjan- → erran, erien, erren
      • *rōbjōn- → ruoba, ruoppa
      • *flahsa- → flahs
      • *seg- → segansa
      • *skēra- → skâr, skâri
      • *skēra- → scāra
      • *finhl- → fîla, fîgila, fîhala
      • *akʷesī- → ackus
      • *tōkslo- → dehsa, dehsala
      • *barda → barta
      • *happja → happa, heppa
      • *juka- → juh, joh
      • *wagna- → wagan
      • *nabō- → naba
      • *ahslō- → ahsala, ahsla
      • *harbista- → herbist
      • *kuppar → kupfar, chuphar
      • *silubra- → silabar, silbir
      • *gulþa-, *gulda- → gold, golt, colt
      • *widu- → witu, wito
      • *fella- → fel
      • *gaiza- → gēr
    • Proto-Germanic → Old English
      • *steura- → stēor
      • *stiurikaz → stīrc, stȳrc, stȳric, stīorc
      • *bulan-, *bullan- → *bulla
      • *kō-, *kū- → cū
      • *uhsan- → oxa
      • *kalbiz- → cealf, calfur
      • *hrinþiz-, *hrinþez-, *hrunþiz- → hrīþer, hrīðer, hryþer, hruðer
      • *hrinþiz-, *hrinþez-, *hrunþiz- → hriþeru
      • *baruga- → bearg, bearh
      • *nauta- → nēat
      • *fehu- → feoh, fioh
      • *kʷik(w)o- → cwic, cwicu, cucu
      • *waiþō → wáð
      • *waiþō → wæðan
      • *marhī-, *marhjō(n)- → mere, myre
      • *hursa- → hors
      • *stōda- → stōd
      • *skēpa- → scéap, scǽp, scēp, scīp
      • *weþru- → weðer
      • *hamalōjan- → hamelian
      • *awnōn → ēanian
      • *gait- → gāt
      • *gaitina- → gæten
      • *sū-, *suw- → sū, sugu
      • *swīna- → swīn
      • *farha- → faerh, fearh
      • *galtan- → gilte
      • *han(n)jō- → henn
      • *fugla- → fugel, fugol, fugul
      • *dūkan- → *dūcan
      • *wulfa- → wulf
      • *wulfa- → wylf
      • *wurgjan- → wyrigan, wirgan
      • *beran- → bera
      • *baira- → bār
      • *uwwilōn- → ūle
      • *fuhsa- → fox
      • *hesan-, *hazan- → hara
      • *wurmi- → wyrm, weorm, wurm
      • *snēggan- → snaca
      • *nēdrōn- → nǣ̆dre, næddre
      • *nēdra- → neder
      • *aran- → earn
      • *deuza- → dēor
      • *heruta- → heorot, heort
      • *hindō- → hind
      • *stagga- → stagga, *stacga
      • *raiha-, *raihan- → rā, rāha
      • *elha-, *elhan- → eolh, ē̆ola
      • *hūdi- → hýd
      • *hēra- → hǣr
      • *hunanga- → hunig
      • *mili-dawwō- → mildēaw, meledêaw
      • *meluk- → meoloc, meolc
      • *salta- → sealt
      • *wīnan → wīn
      • *medu- → meodo
      • *wahsa- → weax
      • *mati- → mete
      • *flaiska-, *fleiski- → flāsc, flæsc
      • *smerwa- → smeoru
      • *faita- → fǽtt
      • *weban- → wefan
      • *spinnan- → spinnan
      • *siujan- → seowian, siwian
      • *arjan- → ęrian
      • *falgō- → fælging, fylging
      • *sēan- → sāwan
      • *hwaitja- → hwǣte
      • *blada- → blēd, blǣd
      • *bariz-, *barza- → bere, bær
      • *rugi- → ryge
      • *kurna- → corn
      • *kurnila- → cyrnel
      • *greuta- → *grotan
      • *greuta- → gréot
      • *hlaiba- → hlāf
      • *apla- → æpl, appel
      • *basja-, *bazja- → berige
      • *līno- → līn
      • *flahsa- → fleax
      • *dalka-, *dalg- (?) → dalc, dolc, dalk
      • *seg- → *sigði
      • *skēra- → scēara
      • *spadō- → spadu
      • *skeuban-, *skūban- → scofl
      • *sulha- → sulh
      • *plōga- → plōh
      • *sagō- → sagu
      • *finhl- → féol
      • *adesan- → adesa, eadesa, adese
      • *bīþla- → bill
      • *juka- → geoc
      • *wagna- → wægn, wægen, wǽn
      • *hwehla-, *hweula- → hwēol, hweohhol
      • *ahsō- → *eax
      • *nabō- → nafa, nabu, nebu, nafu
      • *akra- → æcer
      • *felþa- → feld, feald
      • *walþu- → weald
      • *furh- → furh
      • *springan-, *sprinkan- → springan, sprincan
      • *sumara- → sumer, sumor
      • *skeran- → scieran
      • *harbista- → hærfest, hęrfest
      • *aiza- → ār, ǣr
      • *aizīna- → ǣren
      • *silubra- → seolfor, siolufr, sylfor
      • *gulþa-, *gulda- → gold
      • *widu- → wudu, widu, wiodu
      • *hulta- → holt
      • *trewa- → trēow, trēo
      • *timbra- → timber
      • *staina- → stān
      • *leþra- → leðer
      • *fella- → fell, fel
      • *knība-, *knīban- → cnīf
      • *gaiza- → gār
      • *speru- → spere
      • *bugan- → boga
      • *arhwō- → earh
      • *strēlō- → strǣl
      • *bulta(n)- → bolt
      • *swerda- → sweord
      • *wullō- → wull
      • *akʷesī- → acus, æsc, æx
    • Proto-Germanic → Proto-Germanic
      • *steura- → *stiurikaz
      • *neutan- → *nauta-
      • *marha- → *marhī-, *marhjō(n)-
      • *hurzōn- → *hursa-
      • *hamala- → *hamalōjan-
      • *gait- → *gaitina-
      • *kiðją → *kittīna
      • *tigōn- → *tikkīna-
      • *sū-, *suw- → *swīna-
      • *farha- → *farha-līna-
      • *farha- → *farha-kīna-
      • *gald(j)a- → *galtan-
      • *hanan- → *han(n)jō-
      • *dukkōn- → *dūkan-
      • *smeltan- → *smalta-, *smulta-
      • *hwīta-, *hwitta- → *hwaitja-
      • *rugi- → *rukkan-, *ruggan-
      • *hafra- → *habran-
      • *kurna- → *kurnila-
      • *skeran- → *skēra-
      • *spadan- → *spadō-
      • *rekan- → *reka
      • *arjan-tro- → *arþra-
      • *bītan- → *bīþla-
      • *harbjan- → *harbista-
      • *aiza- → *aizīna-
      • *tem-rom → *tim-ram
      • *beugan-, *būgan- → *bugan-
    • Proto-Germanic → Old Norse
      • *bulan-, *bullan- → boli, bole
      • *nauta- → naut
      • *fehu- → fé, fjár
      • *waiþō → veiðr
      • *gimbrī → gymbr
      • *hamalōjan- → hamla
      • *gait- → geit
      • *kiðją → kið
      • *galtan- → gylta, gyltr
      • *fugla- → fugl, fogl
      • *bîôn-, *biôn → bý
      • *bini → bý
      • *warga-, *warza- → vargr
      • *uwwilōn- → ugla
      • *fuhōn- → fóa, fúa
      • *snēkan- → snákr
      • *deuza- → dýr
      • *raiha-, *raihan- → rá
      • *rawwō- → rǫggr, rǫgg
      • *hēra- → hár
      • *hunanga- → hunang
      • *wīnan → vín
      • *ketwa- → kjǫt
      • *mati- → matr
      • *arjan- → erja
      • *bewwa- → bygg
      • *habran- → hafri
      • *dalka-, *dalg- (?) → dálkr
      • *talgjan- → telgja
      • *seg- → sigð, sigðr
      • *reka → reka
      • *arþra- → arðr
      • *finhl- → þél
      • *barda → sparða
      • *juka- → ok
      • *ahsula- → ǫxull
      • *harbista- → haustr
      • *aiza- → eir
      • *felsa, *felesa-,*falisa, *falisia → fjall, fell
    • Proto-Germanic → Middle English
      • *farwa-, *farzwa- → farrow
      • *fuhsa- → fixene, fixen, vixen
      • *terwōn- → tare
      • *tōkslo- → þixil, þixel
      • *jēra- → fore-year
      • *busk- → busch, busche, busk, buske, bosk, boske
      • *hulta- → holte, halte, hoult
    • Proto-Germanic → Old Saxon
      • *hrinþiz-, *hrinþez-, *hrunþiz- → hrīth
      • *nauta- → nōt, nōtil
      • *swīna- → swîn
      • *fugla- → fugal, fugol
      • *bîôn-, *biôn → bī
      • *wulfa- → wulf
      • *wurmi- → wurm
      • *nēdrōn- → nādra, nādara
      • *hrabna-, *hrabō- → ram
      • *hrabna-, *hrabō- → hraƀan
      • *raiha-, *raihan- → rēho
      • *mili-dawwō- → milidou
      • *wīnan → wîn, win
      • *mati- → meti
      • *hwaitja- → hwēti
      • *flahsa- → *flahs
      • *seg- → segisna
      • *spadan- → spado
      • *finhl- → fīla
      • *akʷesī- → akus
      • *barda → barda
      • *juka- → juk
      • *nabō- → naba, nava
      • *felþa- → feld
      • *harbista- → hẹrvist
      • *aiza- → ēr
      • *silubra- → siluƀar, siloƀar
      • *leþra- → leðar
      • *speru- → sper
      • *swerda- → swerd
    • Proto-Germanic → Old Frisian
      • *hrinþiz-, *hrinþez-, *hrunþiz- → hrīther, rīther, rēther, rēder, rēr
      • *skēpa- → skêp, schêp
      • *hamalōjan- → homelian
      • *swīna- → swīn
      • *wulfa- → wolf
      • *wurgjan- → wergia
      • *hesan-, *hazan- → hasa
      • *wīnan → wîn
      • *wahsa- → wax
      • *mati- → mete
      • *faita- → fat
      • *weban- → *weva
      • *arjan- → era, ara
      • *apla- → appel
      • *spadan- → spada
      • *wagna- → wein
      • *felþa- → feld
      • *harbista- → herfst
      • *silubra- → selover, selver, selvir, silver, sulver
      • *timbra- → timber
      • *staina- → stēn
      • *fella- → fel, ful
      • *knība-, *knīban- → knīf
      • *speru- → spere, spiri
      • *swerda- → swerd
    • Proto-Germanic → Frisian
      • *baruga- → baerg
      • *luhsa- → lynks
      • *habran- → haver
      • *harzwa- → harrel
    • Proto-Germanic → Old Franconian
      • *waiþō → *waidanjan
    • Proto-Germanic → Old Swedish
      • *gimbrī → gummarlamb
      • *luhō- → lō
    • Proto-Germanic → Gothic
      • *swīna- → swein
      • *fugla- → fugls
      • *fuh- → fauhô
      • *fuhōn- → fauho
      • *aran- → ara
      • *wīnan → wein
      • *medu- → *midus
      • *mati- → mats
      • *apla- → apel
      • *juka- → juk
      • *ahsō- → *ahsuls
      • *aiza- → ais, aiz, aizis
      • *silubra- → silubr
      • *tim-ram → *timr
      • *gaiza- → *gais
      • *wullō- → wulla
    • Proto-Germanic → Middle High German
      • *wergan- → erwergen
      • *fuhsa- → vühsinne
      • *fuhōn- → vohe
      • *faita- → vet
      • *knība-, *knīban- → knīf
    • Proto-Germanic → Latin
      • *wisand → bisōn
      • *wisund- → bisōn
    • Proto-Germanic → Old French
      • *fōdra- → fuerre
      • *krappa → grappe
      • *happja → hache
    • Proto-Germanic → Old Italian
      • *krappa → grappa
    • Proto-Germanic → Spanish
      • *krappa → grapa
    • Proto-Germanic → Late Latin
      • *plōga- → plovum
    • Proto-Germanic → Low German
      • *juka- → juk, jok
    • Proto-Germanic → German
      • *knība-, *knīban- → Kneip
    • Proto-Germanic → Dutch
      • *knība-, *knīban- → knijp
    • Middle Dutch → Dutch
      • boeke → beuk
      • bul, bulle, bolle → bul
      • noot → noot
      • vee, ve, veeh, vieh, vie, veede → vee
      • geit, geet, geete → geit
      • swijn → zwijn
      • hāne → haan
      • kieken, kiekijn, kûken → kieken, kuiken
      • wulf, wolf → wolf
      • worghen → worgen, wurgen
      • ule, hule → uil
      • lupart, leupart, liepart → luipaard
      • panter → panter
      • cheetah → cheeta
      • leeuwe, leuwe, lêwe, leeu, leu → leeuw
      • hase, haese, hāze → haas
      • adder, adere, addre → adder
      • raven, ravene, rave → raaf
      • hert, hart → hert
      • hinde → hinde
      • rēa, ree → ree
      • meeldauw → meeldauw
      • wîn, wijn → wijn
      • was → was
      • met- → met
      • vet → vet
      • weven → weven
      • weit, weite → weit
      • oot → oot
      • rove → reuf
      • rāpe, raep → knolraap
      • hop, hoppe, huppe → hop
      • vlas, vlasch → vlas
      • seisene → zeisen, zeis
      • sekele, zekele → sikkel
      • vîle → vijl
      • dissel, dissele → dissel
      • barde → baard
      • joc, juc, joke → juk
      • wagen, waeghen → wagen
      • ocsele, oxel, oxele → oksel
      • asse → as
      • nave, naef, naf → naaf
      • vōre → voor, vore
      • lente → lente
      • sommer, somer, zomer → zomer
      • herfst, heerfst, herft → herfst
      • coper → koper
      • silver, selver, sulver → zilver
      • goud-, gout, golt → goud
      • cnief, cnijf → knijf
      • lanse → lans
      • swert, zwert, swart, swaert, sweert, swaerd, sward → zwaard
      • bere, beer → beer
      • beer → beer
      • rotse, roche, roke, roce → rots
    • Middle Dutch → Middle French
      • *robbe → *robotte
      • pīke, piek, pijc → pike, pique
    • Middle Dutch → Walloon
      • *robbe → robète, robett
    • Middle Dutch → Middle Dutch
      • hert, hart → hertinne
      • lente → lentin
    • Middle Dutch → Middle English
      • hop, hoppe, huppe → hoppe
      • ocsele, oxel, oxele → okselle
    • Middle Dutch → German
      • wiel → Wiel
    • Vulgar Latin → Middle French
      • *falciōn, *falciōnem → fauchon
    • Vulgar Latin → Italian
      • *falciōn, *falciōnem → falcione
      • *luncea → lonza
      • *crassia → grascia
    • Vulgar Latin → Old French
      • *wipera → guivre, givre, vouivre, vivre, wyvre, wivre
      • bestia → beste
      • *crassia → craisse, graisse, gresse
      • *racīmus → raisin
    • Vulgar Latin → Catalan
      • *racīmus → raïm
    • Middle French → Middle English
      • fauchon → fauchoun, faulchion
      • panthere → pantere, panthere
      • lion → lyon
      • once → ounce
      • conin, connin, conil, connil, cunis → conyn, conyng, conig, coney
      • *rabotte → rabbyt, rabbette, rabbatte
      • naveau → navew
      • navet → navet
      • pike, pique → pike, pick
      • argent → argent
    • Middle French → English
      • poulet, poulette → pullet
    • Middle French → French
      • panthere → panthère
      • *rabotte → rabotte
      • lance → lance
    • Middle French → Middle French
      • *robotte → *rabotte
    • Middle French → Italian
      • pike, pique → picca
    • Middle French → Spanish
      • pike, pique → pica
    • Middle French → Portuguese
      • pike, pique → pica, pique
    • Middle French → Catalan
      • pike, pique → pica
    • Middle French → Anglo-Norman
      • pestel → pestel, pestle
    • Italian → Middle English
      • falcione → fauchoun, faulchion
    • Italian → Modern Greek
      • gatto, gatta → gáta
    • Italian → Old French
      • lonza → lonce
    • Italian → Portuguese
      • lonza → onça
    • Italian → Old Catalan
      • lonza → onça, unça
    • Italian → Old Spanish
      • lonza → onza
      • lonza → onça
    • Middle High German → German
      • stier → Stier
      • nōz → Noß
      • weide, weid → Weide
      • schâf → Schaf
      • kiz, kitze → Kitz
      • zickelīn → Zicklein
      • verkel, varchelīn → Ferkel
      • küchen → Küchlein
      • bin, bine → Biene
      • würgen, wurgen → würgen
      • pantier, pantēr, pantel → Panther
      • wisant, wisent, wisen → Wisent
      • raben, rabe, rab → Rabe
      • wīn → Wein
      • wahs → Wachs
      • veiz, veiz̧et, veiz̧t → feist
      • eren, ern → aren
      • ruobe, rüebe → Rübe
      • vlahs → Flachs
      • segense, seinse → Sense
      • sichel → Sichel
      • schære, schær → Schere
      • vîle, vîgel → Feile
      • dëhse, dëhsel → Dechsel
      • barte → Barte
      • helm-barte → Hellebarde
      • wagen → Wagen
      • naba → Nabe
      • lenze → Lenz
      • langez → Langis
      • kupfer, kopfer → Kupfer
      • gold-, golt → Gold
      • knīf → Kneif
      • lanze → Lanze
      • gēr → Ger
    • Middle High German → Middle English
      • elch, elhe → elke, alke
    • Middle High German → Middle High German
      • barte → helm-barte
    • Middle High German → Old French
      • helm-barte → hallebarde
    • Middle High German → Italian
      • helm-barte → alabarda
    • Middle High German → French
      • helm-barte → hallebarde
    • Old High German → Middle High German
      • stior → stier
      • kuo, chuo → kuo
      • ohso → ohse
      • nōz → nōz
      • fihu → vihe, vehe, vëhe, vih, vie, vê
      • weida → weide, weid
      • scāf → schâf
      • chizzī, kizzī, chizzīn, kizzīn → kiz, kitze
      • zickīn → zickelīn
      • farhilī, farhilīn, farhelîn → verkel, varchelīn
      • fogal, fugal → vogel
      • bini → bin, bine
      • wurgen → würgen, wurgen
      • ūwila, ūla → iuwel, iule
      • pardo → part, parde
      • fuhs → vuhs
      • wisunt, wisant → wisant, wisent, wisen
      • raban, rabo, hraban, hrabo, hram → raben, rabe, rab
      • rappo → rappe, rapp
      • elaho, elho → elch, elhe
      • militou → miltou
      • wīn, win → wīn
      • wahs → wahs
      • maz → maz
      • feiz̧z̧it → veiz, veiz̧et, veiz̧t
      • erran, erien, erren → eren, ern
      • ruoba, ruoppa → ruobe, rüebe
      • hopfo → hopfe
      • flahs → vlahs
      • segansa → segense, seinse
      • sichila, sihila → sichel
      • skâr, skâri → schære, schær
      • fîla, fîgila, fîhala → vîle, vîgel
      • ackus → ackes
      • dehsa, dehsala → dëhse, dëhsel
      • barta → barte
      • juh, joh → joch
      • wagan → wagen
      • naba → naba
      • lenzo → lenze
      • langiz, langaz → langez
      • herbist → herbest
      • kupfar, chuphar → kupfer, kopfer
      • gold, golt, colt → gold-, golt
      • witu, wito → wite, wit
      • fel → vël
      • gēr → gēr
    • Old High German → Swiss German
      • nōz → Nooss
    • Old High German → German
      • zickīn → Zicke
      • smalz → Schmalz
    • Old High German → Czech
      • lewo, leo → lev
    • Old High German → Polish
      • lewo, leo → lew
    • Old High German → Slovene
      • lewo, leo → lev
    • Old High German → Croatian
      • lewo, leo → lȁv
    • Old High German → Serbian
      • lewo, leo → lȁv
    • Old High German → Bulgarian
      • lewo, leo → lǎv
    • Old High German → Old Church Slavonic
      • lewo, leo → lьvъ
    • Old High German → Old High German
      • langiz, langaz → lengizin, lenzin
    • Stub proto-form → Proto-Germanic
      • *bhl-én- → *bulan-, *bullan-
      • *bhoru-ḱo- → *baruga-
      • *mark-o- → *marha-
      • *krs-neh₂- → *hurzōn-
      • *ḱom-olo- → *hamala-
      • *dig(h  )-eh₂- → *tigōn-
      • *ghaid- → *gait-
      • *kap-ro- → *hafra-
      • *ghol-tó- → *gald(j)a-
      • *kh₂n-on- → *hanan-
      • *urǵh-ie- → *wurgjan-
      • *uérǵh-e- → *wergan-
      • *luk-so- → *luhsa-
      • *uisond-, *uisondh- → *wisund-
      • *snegh- → *snēkan-
      • *snegh- → *snēggan-
      • *neh₁tr-éh₂- → *nēdrōn-
      • *neh₁tr-éh₂- → *nēdra-
      • *krobh-on-(?) → *hrabna-, *hrabō-
      • *dheus-ó- → *deuza-
      • *Hroik-on- → *raiha-, *raihan-
      • *kuH-tí- → *hūdi-
      • *kn̥h₂-onḱ-o- → *hunanga-
      • *uoḱs-o- → *wahsa-
      • *mod-i- → *mati-
      • *dolgh-o/eh₂- → *talga-, *talgō-
      • *pol(h₁)(ḱ )-éh₂- → *falgō-
      • *bhar-es- → *bariz-, *barza-
      • *bheuh₂-o- → *bewwa-
      • *rugh-i- → *rugi-
      • *rā̆p(h )- → *rōbjōn-
      • *kors-uo- → *harzwa-
      • *dolgh-eie- → *talgjan-
      • *sph̥2-dh-on- → *spadan-
      • *h₂egʷis-ih₂- → *akʷesī-
      • *uólH-tu- → *walþu-
      • *silubhr- → *silubra-
      • *(h₁)uidh-u- → *widu-
      • *kold-o- → *hulta-
      • *pe/ol-es-o- → *felsa, *felesa-,*falisa, *falisia
      • *pel-nó- → *fella-
      • *ǵneibh-o-, *ǵneibh-on- → *knība-, *knīban-
      • *ghois-ó- → *gaiza-
      • *sperH-u- → *speru-
      • *h₂erk-uh₂- → *arhwō-
      • *streh1-lo/eh2 → *strēlō-
      • *suer-dhro- → *swerda-
    • Stub proto-form → Old Irish
      • *krs-Vk-ā- → craic, carric
    • Stub proto-form → Old Breton
      • *krs-Vk-ā- → carrec
    • Stub proto-form → Cornish
      • *krs-Vk-ā- → karrek
    • Middle Low German → German
      • bulle → Bulle
    • Middle Low German → Low German
      • kô → ko
      • osse → oss
      • dêr, dêrt → dier
      • harte, herte → hart
      • metworst → Mettwurst
      • met → Mett
      • vet → fett
      • weven → weven
      • weiten, wêten → weten
      • haver, havere → hawer
      • sekele → sekel
      • spade → spade, spâ
      • vîle → file
      • hervest, hervst → harvst, harfst
      • silver, sulver → silver, sülver, sulver
      • stēn → steen
      • knīf → knīf
      • knīp → knîp, kniep
      • segede, sichte → seged, seid, sicht
    • Middle Low German → Middle Low German
      • met → metworst
      • rotse → stēnrotse
    • Middle Low German → Middle English
      • talch → talgh
      • harl, harle, harrel, herle → herle
    • Middle Low German → Old Swedish
      • sekele → sikil
      • vîle → fil
      • sper → spär
    • Middle Low German → Danish
      • sekele → segl
      • vîle → fil
      • sper → spær
    • Middle Low German → Old Norse
      • spade → spaði
    • Middle Low German → Norwegian (Bokmål)
      • vîle → fil
    • Middle Low German → Norwegian (Nynorsk)
      • vîle → fil
    • Old Norse → Middle English
      • boli, bole → bole, boole
      • veiðr → waith
      • gymbr → gimmer
      • geit → gayte
      • kið → kide, kede, kid
      • gylta, gyltr → gilte
      • tík → tike
      • rǫggr, rǫgg → rage, ragge, ragg
      • hár → har, hor
      • kjǫt → ket
      • hafri → hafyr, havyr, haver
      • arðr → arder
      • *ar-dagi → ardagh
      • sparða → sparth
      • ǫxull → axil, axel, axell, axile
      • ǫxull-tré, öxul-tré → axeltre
      • fjall, fell → fel
      • bygg → big
    • Old Norse → Old Swedish
      • naut → nöt
      • fé, fjár → fǣ
      • fugl, fogl → foghl, foghil, fugh
      • vargr → vargher
      • ugla → uggla
      • snákr → snōker
      • hrafn → rafn, ramn
      • rá → rā
      • vín → vin
      • þél → fǣl
      • eir → ēr
    • Old Norse → Danish
      • fé, fjár → fæ
      • gymbr → gimmer-lam
      • vín → vin
      • matr → mad
      • spaði → spade
    • Old Norse → Old Norse
      • veiðr → veiða
      • kið → kiðlingr
      • erja → *ar-dagi
      • haustr → haust
    • Old Norse → Norwegian (Bokmål)
      • veiða → veida
      • vín → vin
      • næpa → nepe
      • sigð, sigðr → sigd
      • spaði → spade
    • Old Norse → Norwegian (Nynorsk)
      • veiða → veida
      • vín → vin
      • næpa → nepe
      • sigð, sigðr → sigd
      • spaði → spade
    • Old Norse → Icelandic
      • veiða → veiða
      • gymbr → gimbur
      • snákr → snákur
      • dýr → dýr
      • vín → vín
      • sigð, sigðr → sigð
      • spaði → spaði
    • Old Norse → Faroese
      • veiða → veiða
      • vín → vín
    • Old Norse → Elfdalian
      • bý → bia
      • bý → bi
      • vín → win
    • Old Norse → Old Danish
      • hrafn → rafn
    • Old Norse → Norwegian
      • arðr → ard
    • Proto-Indo-European → Proto-Germanic
      • *por- → *farwa-, *farzwa-
      • *gʷeh₃-u- → *kō-, *kū-
      • *Huks-en- → *uhsan-
      • *ḱr-ént-es- → *hrinþiz-, *hrinþez-, *hrunþiz-
      • *néud-e- → *neutan-
      • *gʷh₃ig(w)o- → *kʷik(w)o-
      • *steh₂-dhh₁-o- → *stōda-
      • *ǵhei-m- → *gimbrī
      • *uét-ru- → *weþru-
      • *suH- → *sū-, *suw-
      • *porḱ-o-, *porḱo- → *farha-
      • *ieh₁-ro- → *jēra-
      • *dhugh-néh₂- → *dukkōn-
      • *bhi- → *bîôn-, *biôn
      • *bhi- → *bini
      • *ulkʷ-o-, *ulkʷo- → *wulfa-
      • *uérǵh-e- → *warga-, *warza-
      • *bherH-on- → *beran-
      • *puk-so- → *fuhōn-
      • *puk-so- → *fuhsa-
      • *puk- → *fuh-
      • *ḱes-on- → *hesan-, *hazan-
      • *urm-i-, *urmi- → *wurmi-
      • *h₃ér-on- → *aran-
      • *ḱr- → *heruta-
      • *ḱem-teh₂- → *hindō-
      • *stegh- → *stagga-
      • *h₁el-ḱo(n)- → *elha-, *elhan-
      • *HrouH-ó- → *rawwō-
      • *ḱē̆s-ró- → *hēra-
      • *peh₂- → *fōdra-
      • *séh₂-l-, *séh₂l- → *salta-
      • *pleiH-sk- → *flaiska-, *fleiski-
      • *deh₃- → *faita-
      • *h₁uébh- → *weban-
      • *(s)pénh₁-ne- → *spinnan-
      • *siHu-ie- → *siujan-
      • *h₂erh₃-ie- → *arjan-
      • *séh₁-e- → *sēan-
      • *ḱu(e)it-nó- → *hwīta-, *hwitta-
      • *der-ueh₂- → *terwōn-
      • *bhlh₁-tó- → *blada-
      • *ǵrh₂-no- → *kurna-
      • *sek- → *seg-
      • *skérH-e- → *skeran-
      • *kséubh-e- → *skeuban-, *skūban-
      • *slk- → *sulha-
      • *h₂erh₃-tro- → *arjan-tro-
      • *sok-éh₂- → *sagō-
      • *Hodh-es-on- → *adesan-
      • *teḱ-s- → *tōkslo-
      • *bhei- → *bītan-
      • *yugo- → *juka-
      • *uoǵh-no- → *wagna-
      • *kʷe-kʷl- → *hwehla-, *hweula-
      • *h₃nobh-eh₂- → *nabō-
      • *h₂eḱs-i- → *ahslō-
      • *h₂eḱs- → *ahsula-
      • *h₂eḱs-eh₂- → *ahsō-
      • *h₂eḱs-eh₂- → *ahse, *ahse-
      • *h₂eǵ-ro- → *akra-
      • *pélth₂-o- → *felþa-
      • *pŕk- → *furh-
      • *spré-n-gh-e- → *springan-, *sprinkan-
      • *smH-oro- → *sumara-
      • *krp- → *harbjan-
      • *h₂éi-es- → *aiza-
      • *ǵhlh₃-to- → *gulþa-, *gulda-
      • *dréu-o- → *trewa-
      • *dem(H)-ro- → *timbra-
      • *dem-rom → *tem-rom
      • *stoiH-no- → *staina-
      • *bhéugh-e- → *beugan-, *būgan-
      • *bhld- → *bulta(n)-
    • Proto-Indo-European → Proto-Celtic
      • *uksōn, *uksōn- → *uxso-, *uxson-
      • *pl-tro- → *φlitro-
    • Proto-Indo-European → Classical Greek
      • *tuenk- → sápō
      • *knh₂-ḱo- → knē̂kos
      • *(h₁)uebh- → hypʰaínō
      • *ueǵh-, *uoǵh-o- → ékʰō
    • Proto-Indo-European → Proto-Italic
      • *(H)iunég-, *(H)iung- → *jung-e/o-, -jug-, jug-o-, joug-es-, joug-s-mn-to-
      • *dheh₁-to- → *fēto-
      • *serp-e/o- → *serpe/o-
      • *ḱor(h₂)-uo- → *korwo-
      • *(H)uēnh₁-, *(H)unh₁- → *wēn-o/ā-
      • *pel-ni- → *pelni-
      • *ueih₁-n-, *ueih₁-ōn, *uih₁-en-m, *uih₁-on-m → *wīno-
      • *teḱ-s- → *tekse/o-
      • *ǵrh₂-no- → *grāno-
      • *h₁e/om-o- → *po-e/omo-
      • *ueǵh-tlo- → *wekti-
      • *pi-n-s- → *pins-
      • *h₂rǵ-nt-o- → *argento-
      • *(s)kolh₂/3-tro- → *k(e/o)l-tro-
    • Proto-Indo-European → Stub proto-form
      • *ḱem- → *ḱom-olo-
    • Proto-Indo-European → Proto-Indo-European
      • *bhero- → *bherH-on-
      • *ḱem- → *ḱem-teh₂-
      • *(h₁)uebh- → *h₁ubh-neh₂-, *h₁u-m-bh-e-, *h₁u-n-ebh-
      • *bhleh₃- → *bhlh₁-tó-
      • *tetḱ- → *tetḱ-dhlo-
    • Proto-Indo-European → Latvian
      • *rei-, *roi- → ràibs
      • *h₃nobh-eh₂- → naba
    • Proto-Indo-European → Lithuanian
      • *rei-, *roi- → raibas, rainas
    • Proto-Indo-European → Old Prussian
      • *rei-, *roi- → roaban
    • Proto-Indo-European → Sanskrit
      • *h₁ubh-neh₂-, *h₁u-m-bh-e-, *h₁u-n-ebh- → ubh-
      • *ueǵh-tlo- → vahitra-
      • *h₃nobh-io- → nábhya-
    • Proto-Indo-European → Latin
      • *ḱer- → cereālis
      • *h₃nbhl- → umbilīcus
    • Proto-Indo-European → Proto-Slavic
      • *tetḱ-dhlo- → *tesla
    • Proto-Indo-European → Old Church Slavonic
      • *tetḱ- → tesati
    • Proto-Indo-European → Gothic
      • *yugo- → jukuzi
    • Proto-Celtic → Welsh
      • *uxso-, *uxson- → ych
    • Proto-Celtic → Old Welsh
      • *sukko- → huch
    • Proto-Celtic → Proto-Germanic
      • *φlitro- → *leþra-
    • Old Swedish → Swedish
      • fǣ → fä
      • foghl, foghil, fugh → fågel
      • vargher → varg
      • uggla → uggla
      • lō → lo
      • snōker → snok
      • rā → rå
      • vin → vin
      • fil → fil
    • Old French → Middle English
      • guaaignage → gainage
      • soc → sock
      • leopard, lebard, leupard → leopard, lebard, lubard, leupard
      • serpent → serpent, sarpent
      • vipere, vipre → viper, vyper, vypar, veper
      • guivre, givre, vouivre, vivre, wyvre, wivre → wyver, wyvern
      • corb → corbie
      • eigle, egle, aille → egle
      • beste → best, beest, beeste
      • veneson, veneisun, venison, venoison → venaison
      • faon, faün → foun, faon, faune, fawn
      • forrëure → furre
      • craisse, graisse, gresse → gresse
      • tissu → tyssu
      • grappe → grape
      • raisin → reisyn, resin, racin, raising
      • hallebarde → haubert, hauberde, halberde
      • hachete → hachet
      • roche, roce → rocke
      • lance → launce, lence, lance
      • arc → arc
    • Old French → Middle Dutch
      • leopard, lebard, leupard → lupart, leupart, liepart
      • lance → lanse
      • roche, roce → rotse, roche, roke, roce
    • Old French → French
      • leopard, lebard, leupard → léopard
      • nef → navette
      • nef → navet
      • pon, pom → pomme
      • grappe → grappe
      • hache → hache
      • roche, roce → roche
      • rochier → rocher
    • Old French → Middle French
      • pantere → panthere
      • lonce → once
      • nef → naveau
      • nef → navet
      • pestel → pestel
      • lance → lance
    • Old French → Old French
      • forrer → forrëure
      • fuerre → forrer
      • tistre → tissu
      • hache → hachete
      • roche, roce → rochier
    • Old French → Anglo-Norman
      • seu, sieu, siu, sui → *suet, *sewet
    • Old French → Middle Low German
      • roche, roce → rotse
    • Old French → Italian
      • roche, roce → roccia
    • Old French → Portuguese
      • roche, roce → rocha
    • Old French → Walloon
      • roche, roce → rotche
    • Old French → Middle High German
      • lance → lanze
    • Late Latin → Italian
      • ganatus → guadagnare
      • rocca → rocca
    • Late Latin → Occitan
      • ganatus → guadanhar
    • Late Latin → Old French
      • sagmārius → somer, sumer, somier
      • cuprum → coevre
    • Late Latin → Provençal
      • sagmārius → saumiero
    • Late Latin → Old English
      • pellicia → pilece, pylece
      • *coprum → coper, copor
      • cūprum → coper, copor
      • rocca → *rocc
    • Late Latin → Proto-Germanic
      • cuprum → *kuppar
    • Late Latin → Middle Dutch
      • *coprum → coper
    • Late Latin → Spanish
      • rocca → roca
    • Late Latin → Catalan
      • rocca → roca
    • Old Franconian → Late Latin
      • *waidanjan → ganatus
    • Middle Irish → Middle English
      • gearrán → garran, garrant
    • Middle Irish → Irish
      • gearrán → gearrán
      • lipard → liopard
      • spel, speal → speal
      • prás → prás
    • Middle Irish → Scottish Gaelic
      • gearrán → gearran
      • spel, speal → speal
      • prás → pràis
    • Middle Irish → Middle Irish
      • spelaid → spel, speal
    • Old Irish → Old English
      • asan → assa, assen
    • Old Irish → Irish
      • fín → fíon
    • Old Irish → Scottish Gaelic
      • fín → fìon
      • craic, carric → carraig, carragh, creag
    • Old Irish → Old Irish
      • spelaid → spel, speal
    • Old Irish → Manx
      • craic, carric → creg, cregg
    • Latin → Old Irish
      • asinus → asan
      • vīnum → fín
    • Latin → Late Latin
      • sagma → sagmārius
      • pellis → pellicia
      • cupreum, cyprium → cuprum
      • cupreum, cyprium → *coprum
      • cupreum, cyprium → cūprum
      • cupreum, cyprium → cuprum
    • Latin → Latin
      • fētus → fētus
      • serpere → serpēns
      • vēnārī → venatio, -ionis
      • vēnārī → vēnātiōnem
      • vēnārī → vēnātus
      • crassus → grassus
      • līneus → līnea
      • līnum → līneus
      • iugum, jugum → iugula
      • pīnsere → pistillum, pistillus
    • Latin → Middle French
      • pullus → poulet, poulette
      • pardus → pard
      • leō, leōnis → lion
      • argentum → argent
      • pīlum → pile
    • Latin → Italian
      • cattus → gatto, gatta
      • leopardus → leopardo
      • leō, leōnis → leone
      • vēnātiōnem → venagione
      • grassus → grasso
      • napus → napello
      • pōmus, pōmum → pomo
      • lancea → lancia
    • Latin → Old High German
      • pardus → pardo
      • leō, leōnis → lewo, leo
      • pīlum → pfīl
    • Latin → Middle Low German
      • pardus → pard, parde, part, pardel
      • panthēra → pantēr, pantel-dēr
      • leō, leōnis → lauwe, louwe
    • Latin → Middle Dutch
      • pardus → pardus, paerdus, perdus
      • panthēra → panter
      • leō, leōnis → leeuwe, leuwe, lêwe, leeu, leu
      • rāpa, rāpum → rāpe, raep
    • Latin → Old English
      • pardus → pard
      • panthēra → pandher
      • leō, leōnis → lēo, léon, lēon
      • pālus → pāl
      • culter, cultrī → culter
      • buxus → box, boxe
    • Latin → Middle English
      • pardalis → pardal
      • lynx → lenx, linx, lynce, lince, lynx
      • bisōn → bison, bisontes
      • rāpa, rāpum → rape
    • Latin → Old Catalan
      • pardus → part
    • Latin → Old Italian
      • pardus → pardo
      • pōmus, pōmum → poma
      • pōmus, pōmum → pómo
    • Latin → Old Spanish
      • pardus → pardo
    • Latin → Old French
      • leopardus → leopard, lebard, leupard
      • panthēra → pantere
      • serpēns → serpent
      • vīpera → vipere, vipre
      • corvus → corb
      • aquila → eigle, egle, aille
      • venatio, -ionis → veneson, veneisun, venison, venoison
      • fētus → faon, faün
      • sēbum → seu, sieu, siu, sui
      • texere → tistre
      • napus → nef
      • pōmus, pōmum → pon, pom
      • pistillum, pistillus → pestel
      • lancea → lance
      • arcus → arc
    • Latin → Occitan
      • leopardus → leupard
      • bisōn → bison
      • pōmus, pōmum → poma
    • Latin → Middle High German
      • panthēra → pantier, pantēr, pantel
    • Latin → Old Frisian
      • leō, leōnis → lawa
    • Latin → Provençal
      • leō, leōnis → leou, leoun
      • serpēns → sèrp
      • vēnātiōnem → venaizo, venazo
      • grānum → gran, gra
      • napus → nap
      • lancea → lansa
    • Latin → Spanish
      • lynx → lince
      • napus → nabo
      • pōmus, pōmum → poma
      • vehiculum → vehiculo
      • lancea → lanza
    • Latin → French
      • bisōn → bison
    • Latin → Classical Greek
      • bisōn → bísōn
    • Latin → Vulgar Latin
      • vīpera → *wipera
      • bēstia → bestia
      • crassus → *crassia
      • racēmus → *racīmus
      • falx, -cis → *falciōn, *falciōnem
    • Latin → Portuguese
      • colubra → cobra
      • vēnātus → veado
      • vēnātiōnem → veação
      • napus → nabo
      • lancea → lança
    • Latin → Proto-Germanic
      • vīnum → *wīnan
      • līnum → *līno-
    • Latin → Welsh
      • vīnum → gwin
    • Latin → Middle Breton
      • vīnum → guin
    • Latin → English
      • cereālis → cereal
      • napus → turnip
      • vehiculum → vehicle
    • Latin → Romanian
      • napus → nap
      • lancea → lance
    • Latin → Catalan
      • napus → nap
      • pōmus, pōmum → poma
      • pōmus, pōmum → pom
      • lancea → llança
      • pullus → poll
    • Latin → Albanian (Tosk)
      • cupreum, cyprium → qipër
    • Latin → Sardinian
      • lancea → lantza
    • Latin → Friulian
      • lancea → lance
    • Latin → Old Swedish
      • pīlum → pil, pīla
    • Latin → Old Saxon
      • pīlum → pīl
    • Dutch → English
      • ezel → easel
      • wagen → wagon, waggon
    • Dutch → Dutch
      • uil → ooruil
      • met → metworst
    • Classical Greek → Latin
      • ságma → sagma
      • párdalis, párdalios → pardus
      • párdalis, párdalios → pardalis
      • pántʰēr → panthēra
      • léōn → leō, leōnis
      • lýnx, lynkós → lynx
      • tʰṓs, tʰōós → thōs
      • nâpy → napus
      • kýprios → cupreum, cyprium
    • Classical Greek → Classical Greek
      • sápō → ságma
      • ékʰō → ókʰos
      • Kýpros → kýprios
    • Classical Greek → Italian
      • lýnx, lynkós → lonza
    • Classical Greek → Vulgar Latin
      • lýnx, lynkós → *luncea
    • Classical Greek → Modern Greek
      • bísōn → vísonas
    • Proto-Italic → Latin
      • *jung-e/o-, -jug-, jug-o-, joug-es-, joug-s-mn-to- → jungere
      • *fēto- → fētus
      • *serpe/o- → serpere
      • *weip-es-ā-? → vīpera
      • *kolos-ro-? → colubra
      • *korwo- → corvus
      • *wēnā-je/o- → vēnārī
      • *pelni- → pellis
      • *wīno- → vīnum
      • *tekse/o- → texere
      • *grāno- → grānum
      • *po-e/omo- → pōmus, pōmum
      • *līno- → līnum
      • *wekti- → vehiculum
      • *pins- → pīnsere
      • *argento- → argentum
      • *k(e/o)l-tro- → culter, cultrī
      • *arkuo-, *arkʷo- → arcus
    • Proto-Italic → Proto-Italic
      • *wēn-o/ā- → *wēnā-je/o-
    • Spanish → English
      • burro → burro
    • German → German
      • Schaf → Schafbock
    • German → English
      • Wisent → wisent
      • Schmalz → schmalz
    • German → Swedish
      • Lanze → lans
    • German → Danish
      • Lanze → lanse
    • German → Polish
      • Lanze → lanca
    • Old Frisian → Frisian
      • skêp, schêp → skêp, skêap, sjip, sjapp, skiep, schâip
      • swīn → swinn, swin, swyn
      • wergia → wjirgje
      • hasa → haeze
      • *weva → weewen, weve, weevje
      • wein → wein
      • herfst → harvst, hearst, herst
      • selover, selver, selvir, silver, sulver → sulver, selver
      • stēn → stien, stên
      • stēn → stîn, stîæn
      • knīf → knif
      • spere, spiri → spear
    • French → English
      • veau → veal
    • French → Danish
      • guépard → gepard
      • chacal → sjakal
    • French → Norwegian (Bokmål)
      • guépard → gepard
    • French → Norwegian (Nynorsk)
      • guépard → gepard
    • French → German
      • guépard → Gepard
      • chacal → Schakal
    • French → Occitan
      • chacal → chacal, chacala
    • French → French
      • rabotte → rabouillère
      • rabotte → rabot
      • hache → hachette
      • hache → hache d'armes
    • French → Middle English
      • grain → greyn, grayn
      • navette → navette
      • pomme → pome
    • French → Portuguese
      • chacal → chacal
    • French → Italian
      • chacal → sciacallo
    • English → Irish
      • pullet → puiléad
      • cheetah → síota
      • turnip → tornapa
      • copper → copar
    • English → English
      • roost → rooster
      • adder → deaf adder
    • English → Middle Dutch
      • cheetah → cheetah
    • English → Scottish Gaelic
      • cheetah → sìotà
      • turnip → tuirneap
    • English → Portuguese
      • cheetah → chita
      • wagon, waggon → vagão
    • English → German
      • wagon, waggon → Waggon
    • English → Occitan
      • wagon, waggon → vagon
    • English → French
      • wagon, waggon → wagon
    • Danish → Faroese
      • gepard → gepardur
    • Hindi → English
      • cītā, chītā → cheetah
    • Proto-Slavic → Old Church Slavonic
      • *ruH-ḱ-i- → rysь 
      • *tesla → tesla
      • *sьrebro → sьrebro, sъrebro
    • Proto-Slavic → Russian
      • *zǫbrъ → zubr
    • Swedish → Swedish
      • lo → lodjur
      • rå → rådjur
    • Medieval Latin → Middle English
      • uncea → unce
    • Turkish → Swedish
      • chakāl → sjakal
    • Turkish → French
      • chakāl → chacal
    • Turkish → English
      • chakāl → jackal
    • Persian → Turkish
      • šağāl, šagāl, šekāl → chakāl
    • Frisian → Frisian
      • haeze → hasskerd
    • Portuguese → English
      • cobra → cobra
      • canga → cangue
    • Portuguese → Portuguese
      • veado → veada
      • nabo → nabiça
    • Portuguese → French
      • canga → cangue
    • Old Danish → Danish
      • rafn → ravn
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic → Lithuanian
      • *wílʔnaʔ → vìlna
      • *wílʔnaʔ → vìlnos
    • Middle Breton → Breton
      • guin → gwin
      • roch → roc'h
    • Low German → German
      • Mettwurst → Mettwurst
      • fett → Fett
      • fett → fett
      • rapsād → Raps
    • Old Saxon → Middle Low German
      • meti → met
      • hwēti → weiten, wêten
      • hẹrvist → hervest, hervst
    • Anglo-Norman → Middle English
      • *suet, *sewet → suette, sewet
      • pestel, pestle → pestyl, pestylle, pistel, pestelle, pestel
    • Sanskrit → Sanskrit
      • ubh- → ūrṇāvábhi-
      • vah- → vahana-, vāhana-
      • vah- → vā́has-
      • vah- → vāhá-
    • Old Italian → Italian
      • grappo → grappolo
      • grappa → grappa
    • Old Italian → Old Italian
      • grappa → grappo
    • Irish → English
      • láighe, láí → loy
    • Norwegian → English
      • ard → ard
    • Old Provençal → Old Italian
      • apcha → accia
    • Gothic → Gothic
      • timr-ja → timrjan
      • *timr → timr-ja
    • Scottish Gaelic → English
      • carraig, carragh, creag → crag
    • Old Breton → Breton
      • carrec → karreg
    • Middle Welsh → Welsh
      • bwa → bwa
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian → Persian
      • --- → šağāl, šagāl, šekāl