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Language
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Form
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Meaning
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Grammar
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Note
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Stub Culture Indo-European
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autumn-3
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Cat. tardor f. 'autumn' < tardaó < Lat. tardatiōne 'arriving late'
DCVB
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Stub Culture Indo-European
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autumn-1
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Da. efterår n. 'autumn' / Du. najaar n. 'autumn' / MLG. vorjār 'spring'
DDO
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Stub Culture Indo-European
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autumn-4
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Alb. vjeshtë f. 'autumn' < vjel v. 'to pluck fruit, to vintage' < PAlb. *wela. "Related to Gr. eilu v. 'to shut in, to press', Lith. su-valýti v. 'to harvest, to reap'." (AED)
Orel
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Stub Culture Indo-European
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PIE. *h₁roudh-o- 'red; reddish-brown'
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Baltic 'autumn' words derived from the inherited word for 'red; reddish-brown': BSl. *roudos < PIE. *h₁roudh-o-. Also PSl. *rȗdъ adj. < BSl. *roudos < PIE. *h₁roudh-o-
Rick Derksen. "rȗdъ" in: Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon. Indo-European Etymological Dictionaries Online. Edited by Alexander Lubotsky. Brill, 2014. Brill Online. November 21, 2014. < http://iedo.brillonline.nl/dictionaries/lemma.html?id=19896 >
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Old Saxon
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gerdia
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tail; twig; rod
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Stub Culture Indo-European
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PIE. *(s)kop- 'strike, smite, hew'
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PSl. *kopьje n. 'spear, lance' < *kopàti v. 'to dig' < BSl. *kop- < PIE. *(s)kop-
Rick Derksen. "kopьje" in: Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon. Indo-European Etymological Dictionaries Online. Edited by Alexander Lubotsky. Brill, 2015. Brill Online. February 22, 2015. < http://iedo.brillonline.nl.ludwig.lub.lu.se/dictionaries/lemma.html?id=19117 >
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Stub Culture Indo-European
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PIE. *spoud-ie-
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PGm. *speuta- n. ‘spear’ < proto-form. *speud-o- / ; Lith. spáusti (spáužiu) v. 'to press' < proto-form. *spoud-ie-. "If the original meaning of *speuta- was something driven into something, little objection can be found to the connection with Gr. σπεύδω and Lith. spáusti."
Guus Kroonen. "speuta-" in: Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic. Indo-European Etymological Dictionaries Online. Edited by Alexander Lubotsky. Brill, 2015. Brill Online. February 21, 2015. < http://iedo.brillonline.nl…
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Stub Culture Indo-European
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PIE. *ǵhoyso- 'spear'
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PCelt. *gayso- ’spear’ < PIE. *ǵhoyso- 'spear' (IEW: 410) / PGm. *gaiza- m. ‘spear, tip’ < proto-form. *ghois-ó- / ON geirr m. 'id.', Nw. geir m. 'leister, eel spear; small tip; ness, headland; small mackerel', OE gār m. 'id.', OFri. gēr-, OS gēr m. 'id.', MDu. geer m. 'id.', OHG gēr m. 'id.', MHG gēr m. 'id.' / OIr. gae m., MW gwaew m./f. 'spear' < *ghaiso-. / "A Germanic-Celtic isogloss; there is some evidence that the Celtic word was borrowed from Germanic" (GK). ”Since the Celtic words f…
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Stub Culture Indo-European
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spear-2
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Lat. hasta f. ‘spear, staff’ < PItal. *χastā-. "Probably not of Indo-European origin… Latin -st-, MIr. -t and PGm. *zd point to a cluster *-sT- in this loanword." (MDV).
Michiel de Vaan. "hasta" in: Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages. Indo-European Etymological Dictionaries Online. Edited by Alexander Lubotsky. Brill, 2015. Brill Online. February 22, 2015. < http://iedo.brillonline.nl.ludwig.lub.lu.se/dictionaries/lemma.html?id=13389 >
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Old High German
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gerta
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tail; twig; rod
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Occitan
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lansa
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lance, spear
Meaning automatically transferred. Source not checked.
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Middle English
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launce, lence, lance
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spear, lance
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Middle English
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gore, gare
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spear
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Long obsolete, though recorded in Somerset in 1888: "Gore, a long rod tipped with a small spear for driving oxen. Always so called." (OED).
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Stub Culture Indo-European
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PIE. *ǵhoyso- 'spear'
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PCelt. *gayso- ’spear’ < PIE. *ǵhoyso- 'spear' (IEW: 410) / PGm. *gaiza- m. ‘spear, tip’ < proto-form. *ghois-ó- / ON geirr m. 'id.', Nw. geir m. 'leister, eel spear; small tip; ness, headland; small mackerel', OE gār m. 'id.', OFri. gēr-, OS gēr m. 'id.', MDu. geer m. 'id.', OHG gēr m. 'id.', MHG gēr m. 'id.' / OIr. gae m., MW gwaew m./f. 'spear' < *ghaiso-. / A Germanic-Celtic isogloss; there is some evidence that the Celtic word was borrowed from Germanic. / ”Since the Celtic words for 'sp…
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Stub Culture Indo-European
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knife-2
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Baltic peilis. According to CDB, "probably with" PSl. *pila 'file' <- OHG. fīla, fīhala 'file' (REW).
CDB
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Stub Culture Indo-European
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knife-3
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Gr. μάχαιρα f. ‘large knife, butchery knife; short sword, dagger’: Pre-Greek, perhaps Semitic (RB)
Robert Beekes (with the assistance of Lucien van Beek). "μάχαιρα" in: Etymological Dictionary of Greek. Indo-European Etymological Dictionaries Online. Edited by Alexander Lubotsky. Brill, 2014. Brill Online. October 6, 2014. < http://iedo.brillonline.nl/dictionaries/lemma.html?id=7377 >
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Stub Culture Indo-European
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PIE. *ḱs-tro- 'knife'
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Alb. thadër f. 'double-sided axe' < PAlb. *tsestrā, "identical with Skt. śastrá n. 'instrument for cutting' < śas- v. 'to cut' < PIE. *ḱs-tro- 'knife' (according to Orel).
AED, Skt. śastrá n. 'instrument for cutting' < śas- v. 'to cut' (according to CDB). Lat. castrāre v. ‘to castrate; to thin out (plants)’ < PItal. *kastro- < PIE. *ḱs-tro- 'knife'
CDB
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Stub Culture Indo-European
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spear-1
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Gr. λόγχη f. 'spearhead, javelin, lance'. Of unknown origin. "Probably from the same (Celtic) source as Lat. lancea" (CDB); "all previous hypotheses are unconvincing" (RB).
Robert Beekes (with the assistance of Lucien van Beek). "λόγχη" in: Etymological Dictionary of Greek. Indo-European Etymological Dictionaries Online. Edited by Alexander Lubotsky. Brill, 2015. Brill Online. February 21, 2015. < http://iedo.brillonline.nl.ludwig.lub.lu.se/dictionaries/lemma.html?id=7194 >, Lat. lancea f. 'spe…
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Proto-Indo-European
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*ksuró-
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razor
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Stub Culture Indo-European
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PIE. *wēb-en-
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Tch. yepe < PIE. *wēb-en-, Goth. wepn, ON. vápn
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