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Focus Area
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Language (family)
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Form
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Meaning
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Grammar
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Eurasia
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Stub Culture Indo-European
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PIE. *leǵ(h)-no-
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Lat. lignum n. ‘wood’ < PItal. *legno- < PIE. *leǵ(h)-no-. "If derived from *leg- v. 'to collect', lignum must originally have indicated 'wood collected for firemaking', from the root *leg- v. 'to collect'... Ritter 2004 prefers to derive lignum from *legh- v. 'to lie', as 'stray wood'. " (MDV).
Michiel de Vaan. "lignum" in: Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages. Indo-European Etymological Dictionaries Online. Edited by Alexander Lubotsky. Brill, 2014. Brill Online. De…
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Eurasia
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Stub Culture Indo-European
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wood-1
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Gr. ξῠ́λον n. 'wood'. Further etymology uncertain: possibly from a non-IE substrate language (RB).
Robert Beekes (with the assistance of Lucien van Beek). "ξύλον" in: Etymological Dictionary of Greek. Indo-European Etymological Dictionaries Online. Edited by Alexander Lubotsky. Brill, 2014. Brill Online. December 14, 2014. < http://iedo.brillonline.nl/dictionaries/lemma.html?id=7852 >
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Eurasia
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Stub Culture Indo-European
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wood-2
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Lat. fustis ‘cut wood, stick baton, club’ < PItal. *fūsti-, *feusti-, *fousti-
Michiel de Vaan. "fūstis" in: Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages. Indo-European Etymological Dictionaries Online. Edited by Alexander Lubotsky. Brill, 2014. Brill Online. December 18, 2014. < http://iedo.brillonline.nl/dictionaries/lemma.html?id=13314 >
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Eurasia
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Old High German
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busc, busk
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bush
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Eurasia
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Old French
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bosket, bosquet
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Did not survive in Picard and therefore cannot be the source of Fr. bosquet. (TLF)
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Eurasia
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Old Spanish
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fusta
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wood
Automatically transferred. Needs checking
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Attested 1428 (COR)
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Eurasia
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Stub Culture Indo-European
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PGm. *busk- 'bush, small forest (?)'
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Fr. bois m. 'wood (material), wood (small forest)' < OFr. bois 'wood (small forest; wood (material)', attested ca. 1100. Of Germanic origin, probably from OFrk. *bŏsk- 'bush', reconstructable from OHG, OS busc, the latter attested in placenames as early as 937, as well as in the compound brâmalbusc 'bramble, blackberry bush' (TLF). There has been some uncertainty concerning the direction of borrowing between Romance and Germanic languages. De Vries thinks Old Norse borrowed from MLat. boscus…
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Eurasia
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Stub Culture Indo-European
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wood-5
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1. Arm. geran 'beam, timber'. 2. Alb. verr m. 'alder' < PAlb. *werna. Also Bret. gwern 'alder', W. gwernen 'alder', OIr. fern 'alder' (AED). Arm. gerandi 'scythe, sickle' may be derived from this word, though not everybody thinks so.
Hrach K. Martirosyan. "geran" in: Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon. Indo-European Etymological Dictionaries Online. Edited by Alexander Lubotsky. Brill, 2014. Brill Online. December 19, 2014. < http://iedo.brillonline.nl/dictionaries/lemma…
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Eurasia
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Middle Irish
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admad
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timber; material
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Attested in the Middle Irish period. Further etymology uncertain: EDIL states that OIr. admad is the verbal noun of *ad-moin (meaning?). Alternatively, CDB refers to a connection with MIr. maide m. 'post, stick, bundle, wood' < PCelt. *mazdyo- ‘stick’ < PIE. *masdo- (RM), cognate with Lat. mālus, OIc. mastr 'mast'; and also OIr. mátán m. 'club', "which could be from *māzd-ān-o-" (RM). All these Celtic-Italic-Germanic words were "probably borrowed from some pre-IE source" (RM).
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Eurasia
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Stub Culture Indo-European
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PIE. *kʷres- 'bush, thicket'
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PCelt. *kʷresno- ‘wood, tree’ < PIE. *kʷres- 'bush, thicket' (IEW: 633) / OIr. crann n. / MW prenn m. (GPC pren) / OBret. pren, MBret. prenn, MoBret. prenn m. / OCo. pren gl. lignum, Co. pren / Gaulish prenne gl. arborem grandem (Endlicher's Glossary / OE hyrst 'bushes'
Ranko Matasović. "kʷresno-" in: Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic. Indo-European Etymological Dictionaries Online. Edited by Alexander Lubotsky. Brill, 2014. Brill Online. December 15, 2014. < http://iedo.brillonline.nl/di…
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Eurasia
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Stub Culture Indo-European
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wood-4
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OIr. admad
EDIL
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Eurasia
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Stub Culture Indo-European
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PIE. *kayto- 'wood, field'
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PCelt. *kayto- ‘wood’ < PIE. *kayto- 'wood, field'. "The element -cetium found in toponyms such as Anicetis, Leto-cetum, tò ketíon óros (Ptolemy) might reflect a late Gaul. reflex of *kayto-. This is a correspondence limited to Celtic and Germanic. The a-vocalism in these words is difficult to account for. Maybe they were borrowed from some substrate in NW Europe" (RM).
Ranko Matasović. "kayto-" in: Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic. Indo-European Etymological Dictionaries Online. Edited …
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Eurasia
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Stub Culture Indo-European
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wood-7
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CDB
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Eurasia
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Stub Culture Indo-European
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PIE. *medh-ieh₂- 'middle'
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PSl. *medjà f. ‘border, boundary, balk’ < BSl. *med-j-o/aʔ < PIE. *medh-ieh₂. Cognates in most IE branches.
CDB
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Eurasia
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Stub Culture Indo-European
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wood-6
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Alb. lëndë f. 'wood (material), timber; material' < PAlb. *lentā
AED
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Eurasia
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Stub Culture Indo-European
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PIE. *uerǵ-o- 'work, act'
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ON. verk n. 'labour, work, act' < PGm. *werka- n. ‘labour, work, act’ < PIE. *uerǵ-o-
Guus Kroonen. "werka- 1" in: Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic. Indo-European Etymological Dictionaries Online. Edited by Alexander Lubotsky. Brill, 2014. Brill Online. December 18, 2014. < http://iedo.brillonline.nl/dictionaries/lemma.html?id=23028 >
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Eurasia
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Middle English
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busch, busche, busk, buske, bosk, boske
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bush; thicket, undergrowth, scrub
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Since 1888, OED maintains that the Germanic cognate forms (ON buskr, OHG bush, MDu. busc, bosc) are borrowed from Rom. bosco or LLat. boscum, boscus 'wood', "of which the ulterior source is unknown" (OED). More recently, most sources take the view that the Romance and Late Latin forms are borrowed from Germanic: cf. OFr. bois 'wood (small forest); wood (material)': attested ca. 1100 and said by the dictionary of the Institut de la langue française to be probably borrowed from OFrk. *bŏsk- 'bush…
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Eurasia
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Stub Culture Indo-European
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PIE. *méh₂-tr- 'mother'
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Lat. māteria f. 'material, substance, wood' < māter, mātris f. ‘mother’ < PItal. *mātēr, *mātr- < PIE. *méh₂-tr- 'mother'
Michiel de Vaan. "māter" in: Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages. Indo-European Etymological Dictionaries Online. Edited by Alexander Lubotsky. Brill, 2014. Brill Online. December 14, 2014. < http://iedo.brillonline.nl/dictionaries/lemma.html?id=13631 >
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Eurasia
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Old Saxon
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giwirki
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work, deed, act
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Eurasia
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Stub Culture Indo-European
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PIE. *pel- 'to skin; hide'
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1. PCelt. *fletro- 'hide, leather' < PIE *pel- v. 'to skin' (RM). 2. PGm. *leþra- n. 'leather' <- PCelt. *φlitro- < PIE *pl-tro- (GK). “The Germanic words for 'leather' are prehistoric loanwords from Celtic. The Celtic forms presuppose the zero-grade of the PIE root (*pl-etro-), with the unusual form of the suffix *-etro- (rather than *-tro-), cf. Ru. plená < *pl-en-eh₂.” (RM).
1. Ranko Matasović. "fletro-" in: Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic. Indo-European Etymological Dictionaries …
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