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Focus Area
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Language (family)
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Form
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Meaning
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Grammar
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Note
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Eurasia
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Stub Culture Indo-European
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grape-6
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1. Lat. racēmus m. 'bunch, cluster (of grapes or other fruit)' (MDV) 2. Gr. ῥᾱ́ξ, ῥᾱγός 'grape' (RB). Etym. dub.: "probably a loanword from a Mediterranean language" (MDV).
Michiel de Vaan. "racēmus" in: Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages. Indo-European Etymological Dictionaries Online. Edited by Alexander Lubotsky. Brill, 2014. Brill Online. August 11, 2014. < http://iedo.brillonline.nl.ludwig.lub.lu.se/dictionaries/lemma.html?id=14008 >, 1. Lat. frāga-ōrum n. & p…
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Eurasia
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Old Prussian
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geytye, geits
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bread
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Eurasia
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Stub Culture Indo-European
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grain-3
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Gr. ὄμπνη f. ‘food, corn’, plur. ‘cake of flour and honey, honeycombs’. Etym: Pre-Greek, according to RB, who nonetheless notes that the word has been "traditionally connected with Skt. ápnas- [n.] 'produce, property, possession', ON. efni [n.] < PGm. *afniya- 'material, goods' (also ON. efna , OE. æfnan v. 'to carry out, work'), Hitt. ḫappin-ant- 'rich'. The inner nasal in Greek was explained by anticipation of the suffix, and ὄμπη by dissimilation from this form. These assumptions are ad hoc …
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Eurasia
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Proto-Celtic
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*bēto-, *biyato-
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food
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Eurasia
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Stub Culture Indo-European
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grain-1
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Lat. coccum 'berry'; Gr. κόκκος m. ‘kernel’ etc: etymology unknown, "probably Pre-Greek" according to Beekes.
"κόκκος" in: Etymological Dictionary of Greek, edited by: Robert S. P. Beekes (Ph.D. 1969). Consulted online on 03/10/2017 <http://dictionaries.brillonline.com.ludwig.lub.lu.se/search#dictionary=greek&id=gr3680> First published online: October 2010
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Eurasia
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Stub Culture Indo-European
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PIE. *ḱer- v. 'to grow'
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Lat. cereālis adj. 'pertaining to Ceres (goddess of the harvest)', ultimately < PIE. *ḱer- v. 'to grow'. "Widespread literary words" which CDB chose to omit, but which are used in the generic sense in various modern languages. First attested in this sense in French in 1792: céréale adj. « qui a des grains farineux servant à la nourriture de l'homme » (TLF).
CDB, RF
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Eurasia
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Stub Culture Indo-European
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grain-2
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Gr. σῖτος m. '(generic) grain, cereal; bread, food; (specialised) wheat' (RB, CDB). PIE. “Often explained as a loanword from other IE languages, e.g. from Ru. žíto 'corn', OPr. geits 'bread' or from Go. ƕaiteis 'wheat', etc., or as a substrate word (taken with e.g. Basque zitu 'corn, harvest' or Sum. zid 'flour'). Nevertheless, the word looks IE, and Janda 2005 has suggested to reconstruct it as a substantivization of an adjective *σῑτό- 'threshed' derived from *tih₂-tó-, literally "struck", a …
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Eurasia
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Stub Culture Indo-European
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PIE. *gʷeyh₃- v. 'to live'
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1. PSl. *žìto n. ‘grain, cereal' < BSl. *geit- < PIE. *gʷeHi-to- (RD) 2. PCelt. *bēto-, *biyato- ‘food’ < PIE. *gʷeyh₃- v. 'to live' (IEW: 468) (RM). 3. Lat. vīta 'life'
1. Rick Derksen. "žìto" in: Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon. Indo-European Etymological Dictionaries Online. Edited by Alexander Lubotsky. Brill, 2014. Brill Online. August 6, 2014. < http://iedo.brillonline.nl.ludwig.lub.lu.se/dictionaries/lemma.html?id=20349 > 2. Ranko Matasović. "bēto-" in: Etymologi…
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Eurasia
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Stub Culture Indo-European
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ClArm. tari 'year'
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year > rye
HA
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Eurasia
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Stub Culture Indo-European
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rye-3
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1. PGm. *rugi- m. ‘rye’ < proto-form. *rugh-i- (GK) 2. PSl. *рьжь 'rye' (REW). "All plainly connected, but perhaps loanwords from some unknown source" (CDB).
Guus Kroonen. "rugi-" in: Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic. Indo-European Etymological Dictionaries Online. Edited by Alexander Lubotsky. Brill, 2014. Brill Online. August 4, 2014. < http://iedo.brillonline.nl.ludwig.lub.lu.se/dictionaries/lemma.html?id=22265 >, PGm. *rukk/gan- m. ‘rye’ < PGm. *rugi- m. ‘rye’ < proto-form. *rugh-i…
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Eurasia
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Old Cornish
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kerich
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of oats
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"bara keirch gl. panis avena" (RM).
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Eurasia
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Stub Culture Indo-European
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Lat. centum 'hundred'
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Lat. centum 'hundred'
DH
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Eurasia
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Stub Culture Indo-European
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rye-4
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CDB
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Eurasia
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Stub Culture Indo-European
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oats-1
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Gr. βρόμος m. ‘oats’. "Probably Pre-Greek" (RB).
Robert Beekes (with the assistance of Lucien van Beek). "βρόμος 1" in: Etymological Dictionary of Greek. Indo-European Etymological Dictionaries Online. Edited by Alexander Lubotsky. Brill, 2014. Brill Online. August 5, 2014. < http://iedo.brillonline.nl.ludwig.lub.lu.se/dictionaries/lemma.html?id=4358 >
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Eurasia
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Stub Culture Indo-European
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oats-2
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1. PGm. *hagran- m. 'brome grass (?)' < proto-form. *kokró- (GK) 2. PCelt. *korkkyo- ‘oats’ (RM). "These words for 'oats' were probably borrowed from some pre-IE source in NW Europe" (RM).
Guus Kroonen. "hagran-" in: Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic. Indo-European Etymological Dictionaries Online. Edited by Alexander Lubotsky. Brill, 2014. Brill Online. August 5, 2014. < http://iedo.brillonline.nl.ludwig.lub.lu.se/dictionaries/lemma.html?id=21284 >
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Eurasia
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Stub Culture Indo-European
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oats-4
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Lat. avēna f. 'oats; stalk, straw (MDV); pastoral flute (DH)' < PItal. *aweksnā- (MDV). Note also PSl. *ovьsъ < PBSl. *awiź(s)-. "Probably a non-IE substratum word… Slavic and Baltic do not have the same suffix" (MDV).
Michiel de Vaan. "avēna" in: Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages. Indo-European Etymological Dictionaries Online. Edited by Alexander Lubotsky. Brill, 2014. Brill Online. August 5, 2014. < http://iedo.brillonline.nl.ludwig.lub.lu.se/dictionaries/lem…
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Eurasia
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Stub Culture Indo-European
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oats-3
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OE ate 'oat'. Further etymology unknown. As noted by CDB, various lexicographers have connected OE ate with ON eitill 'nodule in stone', Norw. eitel 'knot in a tree', etc; which according to GK are reflexes of PGm. *aita- m. 'ulcer'. Formally and semantically this seems plausible, but GK evidently doesn't think that Eng. oats is connected with this etymon.
OED
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Eurasia
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Dutch
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oot
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wild oats
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Eurasia
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Middle English
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hafyr, havyr, haver
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oats
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Eurasia
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Stub Culture Indo-European
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oats-6
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Arm. varsak 'oat'
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